Wednesday, November 26, 2008
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Even when you're not looking for it... You Find It
I was doing a random Google search on one of my favorite 80's movies, The Running Man. Yes I know the starring actor is a New World Order Nazi (literally) scum. Anyway according to Wikipedia...
"Plot
The protagonist, Ben Richards, needs money to get medicine for his gravely ill daughter Cathy. Not wanting his wife Sheila to continue to prostitute herself to pay the bills, Richards turns to the Games Federation, which runs several violent TV game shows seen on the Network. Contestants win money by surviving challenges such as Treadmill to Bucks, where a person with a heart or respiratory condition runs on a treadmill, or the self-explanatory Swim the Crocodiles. After rigorous testing, both physical and mental, Richards is selected for the most popular game, The Running Man.
Richards will be deemed an enemy of the state and then released with a twelve hour head start before an elite group of "Hunters" set out to kill him. The contestant earns $100 per hour they remain alive, an additional $100 for each law enforcement officer or Hunter he kills, and $1 billion if he should survive for 30 days. The current record is eight days and five hours. The Network pays civilians for confirmed sightings of the fugitive.
The runner is given $4800 cash, a two-day advance on his winnings, before he leaves the studio. He can travel anywhere in the world, and each day he must videotape two messages and courier them to the TV show. Without a videotaped message, he defaults the prize money, but the Hunters will continue their search. Despite the producer's claims to the contrary, as soon as the Network receives a videotaped message, the Hunters immediately know from the postmark the runner's approximate location. When the runner is caught, he is killed live on TV.
Richards eludes the Hunters long enough to break the previous survival record, first traveling through New York to Boston. In Boston, he is tracked down by the Hunters and only manages to escape by setting off a fire in the basement of a YMCA that kills five police officers and escaping through a sewer pipe. Next he hides in the impoverished Boston ghetto, where he learns that the air is polluted on a massive scale, and that the poor live in appalling conditions, with high rates of asthma, emphysema, lung cancer, and bronchitis. The Network serves as a propaganda machine to keep them docile so they will not revolt against the government.
Richards' next destination is Manchester, New Hampshire, where he disguises himself as an elderly, half-blind priest. Richards manages to evade detection from the Hunters by having his tapes sent through a remailing service. After terrifying nightmares, Richards goes to a safehouse in Portland, Maine. When police close in, Richards is wounded, and hides in a partially finished shopping center.
The next morning, Richards realizes that he only has until noon to mail his tapes directly to the Network; there is no time to use the remailing service. Commandeering a car, Richards takes a hostage and makes his way to an airport. Richards holds a lengthy standoff at the airport, and manages to bluff his way past the Hunters' leader and onto a plane.
Dan Killian, the show's producer, offers to let Richards take over as lead Hunter and informs him that his wife and daughter were brutally murdered ten days earlier, even before Richards first appeared on the show. Richards overpowers the flight crew but is shot, suffering a mortal wound. With his last strength, he overrides the plane's autopilot and sets the plane to fly right into the Games Building, home of the Network and "The Running Man". The last thing Killian sees is Richards in the cockpit giving him the finger as the plane slams into the building."
As far as the line from those who believe the official story saying no one could ever imagine "planes slamming into buildings", is either lying or just deluding themselves.
Anyway, maybe it's just me, but New York City is starting to look like something from "the Running Man".
"Plot
The protagonist, Ben Richards, needs money to get medicine for his gravely ill daughter Cathy. Not wanting his wife Sheila to continue to prostitute herself to pay the bills, Richards turns to the Games Federation, which runs several violent TV game shows seen on the Network. Contestants win money by surviving challenges such as Treadmill to Bucks, where a person with a heart or respiratory condition runs on a treadmill, or the self-explanatory Swim the Crocodiles. After rigorous testing, both physical and mental, Richards is selected for the most popular game, The Running Man.
Richards will be deemed an enemy of the state and then released with a twelve hour head start before an elite group of "Hunters" set out to kill him. The contestant earns $100 per hour they remain alive, an additional $100 for each law enforcement officer or Hunter he kills, and $1 billion if he should survive for 30 days. The current record is eight days and five hours. The Network pays civilians for confirmed sightings of the fugitive.
The runner is given $4800 cash, a two-day advance on his winnings, before he leaves the studio. He can travel anywhere in the world, and each day he must videotape two messages and courier them to the TV show. Without a videotaped message, he defaults the prize money, but the Hunters will continue their search. Despite the producer's claims to the contrary, as soon as the Network receives a videotaped message, the Hunters immediately know from the postmark the runner's approximate location. When the runner is caught, he is killed live on TV.
Richards eludes the Hunters long enough to break the previous survival record, first traveling through New York to Boston. In Boston, he is tracked down by the Hunters and only manages to escape by setting off a fire in the basement of a YMCA that kills five police officers and escaping through a sewer pipe. Next he hides in the impoverished Boston ghetto, where he learns that the air is polluted on a massive scale, and that the poor live in appalling conditions, with high rates of asthma, emphysema, lung cancer, and bronchitis. The Network serves as a propaganda machine to keep them docile so they will not revolt against the government.
Richards' next destination is Manchester, New Hampshire, where he disguises himself as an elderly, half-blind priest. Richards manages to evade detection from the Hunters by having his tapes sent through a remailing service. After terrifying nightmares, Richards goes to a safehouse in Portland, Maine. When police close in, Richards is wounded, and hides in a partially finished shopping center.
The next morning, Richards realizes that he only has until noon to mail his tapes directly to the Network; there is no time to use the remailing service. Commandeering a car, Richards takes a hostage and makes his way to an airport. Richards holds a lengthy standoff at the airport, and manages to bluff his way past the Hunters' leader and onto a plane.
Dan Killian, the show's producer, offers to let Richards take over as lead Hunter and informs him that his wife and daughter were brutally murdered ten days earlier, even before Richards first appeared on the show. Richards overpowers the flight crew but is shot, suffering a mortal wound. With his last strength, he overrides the plane's autopilot and sets the plane to fly right into the Games Building, home of the Network and "The Running Man". The last thing Killian sees is Richards in the cockpit giving him the finger as the plane slams into the building."
As far as the line from those who believe the official story saying no one could ever imagine "planes slamming into buildings", is either lying or just deluding themselves.
Anyway, maybe it's just me, but New York City is starting to look like something from "the Running Man".
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
Monday, August 11, 2008
GUNS TO GRAB - AMMO SECTION
There are many calibers available to the 21st century Christian shooter, ranging from .177 to the massive 700 Nitro Express. In this article we will deal with the most practical and popular calibers on the market today. When outfitting a Christian family for personal self-defense firearms it is wise to keep everyone on the same page caliber wise, all should have the same caliber handgun and all should have the same caliber of rifle. I have done my best to simplify the following information, biased on a lifetime of firearm experience and evaluation.
.177 This caliber is listed because every home should have an air rifle in this caliber in the gunroom. It is a great training round and will put meat on the table without giving your location away to unfriendly individuals. The advances made in today’s air rifle are incredible, the day of the old spring loaded daisies are history, and my air rifle cranks out 1000fps and will roll a squirrel at 50yds.
.22LR Long Rifle: For many today, this was the first powder cartridge they ever fired from a firearm, this rim-fired cartridge makes a great training round and cost just pennies a round. Every major manufacture makes this caliber, so shop around for the best prices. This rim-fired cartridge has no center primer for ignition of the powder. A very sharp hit to the cartridge rims bottom base will cause this round to discharge, this round is very safe to carry and store. My advice here is to stock at least 10,000 rds (full case) away in a cool, dry place for each rifle of this caliber. The .22LR is the “jack of all trades” in the survivalist world, training, hunting and personal defense. Every one I know has a Ruger 10/22 in .22LR and is very proficient with it; we gave them as Christmas gifts throughout the years to all the family members to insure that they would have at least one good rifle.
.22 Magnum This rim-fired cartridge is a larger version of the .22LR and cannot be used in a .22LR firearm; this ammo is very expensive and limited in its range and use. Coyote and varmint hunters enjoy this round; personally I find little if any use for this caliber that the .223 (5.56) cannot handle.
.32 ACP Automatic Colt Pistol: this round and is made for pistol only and has saved several lives as a backup pistol for concealed carry purposes.
380 Auto If you own a pistol in this caliber, more power to you. I suggest that you stock up plenty of extra cases of ammunition.
.38 SPL This was a standard round for most law-enforcement agencies in the ’30, 40, 50, 60s. Today’ 38 revolve has come a long way in weight reduction, and design. I carry a 2 in Airlite by Smith and Wesson a loaded with CCI snake shot. The 13 pound 6 ft 4 in Eastern Diamond Back Rattlesnake mounted on my wall, reminds me to strap it on when I leave the back door. I don’t use this revolver for personal self-defense mostly because all of its five shot capacity and lack of accuracy at ranges beyond 10 yards due to the short barrel.
9 mm This is probably the most popular round on the market today. This round is made for pistol and rifle. This round was designed to operate in semi automatic firearms, and is used worldwide by elite units in full auto mode, due to its low recoil and stopping power. This cartridge is my personal choice for a sidearm in survival times. The 9 mm can be found in sporting goods sections and can be purchased in bulk by mail order.
The military and law-enforcement all stock this caliber and it should be easily found on the market for years to come. My advice is, stock at least 1000 rounds of fresh cartridges for each 9 mm firearm. The 9 mm got a bad rap in a shooting report from the FBI in a Miami shoot-out gone bad. The truth was, it was just bad marksmanship that got those agents killed and sloppy stake out procedures. In Los Angeles, the 9 mm failed to bring down a couple of bad guys wearing full body armor, even the fabled 45 could not have penetrated their body armor suits. Bad rap aside; it is still a great choice for a personal side arm caliber.
.40 SW Smith and Wesson: I have included this cartridge simply because of many police departments around the country have optioned to carry it. Ammo will dry up quickly during survival times, and once your supply of ammo runs out, your pistol will become useless metal/polymer.
.45 ACP Automatic Colt Pistol: this warhorse round has been on scene since WW1 to the present-day. This round is by far the most popular favorite of all veteran pistol shooters, and has stood the test of time. My favorite tactical pistol to date is an H/k sitcom Mark 23; the very side arm of our elite Special Forces and it uses a caliber designed 90 years ago. The Mark 23 is the only 45 pistol I’ve seen that is not a jammer.
The 2300 dollar price tag puts it out of reach for the average buyer. There are several makers of 45 pistols I can recommend, Wilson, Para-ordinance, and Gunsite, are just a few. This caliber is a great range paper puncher for ISPC matches. Spare parts are a necessity and when everyone is using the same model firearm, repairs are quick and simple. If the firearm is beyond repair, it can always be skeletonize for the rest of the group’s future repairs. If you and your family are proficient with a 45 pistol and feel comfortable with its recoil and performance, then use it.
.357 Magnum This caliber is a beefed up 38 special and is enjoyed by many revolver shooters for home defense. A 357 Magnum revolver will shoot 38 special cartridges, but not vice versa! When practicing on the range, 357 Magnum shooters usually fires low-profile 38 special cartridges and when they get home, they load it with the 357 Magnum cartridges. Thousands of shooters do this every day, I say practice with the load you intend to use for home defense in a real-time scenario, so their are no surprises, and it makes a difference.
Due to the number of 357 Magnum revolvers around today, this caliber will be around for a while still. The cost factor for this cartridge and recoil makes it a no go candidate. Yes, the 357 Magnum can penetrate a engine block, and that is great if you want to shoot engines all day, only a reloader will have cartridges for this caliber when supplies dry up.
.44 Magnum I have included this caliber solely because the power it delivers to the target. I must give credit to Elmer Keith for bringing the 44-caliber cartridge to the forefront for today’s shooters. His ballistic research and data kept this cartridge alive in revolvers. Fact, Mr. Keith could hit a target at 400 yards with his 5 in. 44 revolver every time at demonstrations he put on to promote the 44. Where this cartridge has a role in survival times is not sure.
.223 Remington [5.56 mm]: Only after reading the U.S. Army ballistic reports on this caliber and its origin was I able to grasp why the U.S. Army adopted this caliber for their main battle rifle. The m-14 [. 308] Lost out to the lighter/smaller colt 16 in 223 only because the weight and recoil of the 14 was too much for our smaller allies to handle. Mr. Stoner originally designed his rifle to fire the 308 caliber, the Army brass told him to tone down the load. The 223 [5.56.] round found a home in the civilian market due to Colts market strategy in AR- 15 models and the copycats that followed. If this is your choice for a survival rifle, then stock up on SS 109 armor piercing cartridges for your .223 rifle. They will punched through light metal and heavy wood items, and still have enough energy to penetrate an opponent. Setup for 500 yards shots, which is really this caliber's limit. Setup a larger caliber rifle for longer ranges and night use in 308 and 30.06 calibers.
.308 NATO [7.62x51]: I have become a big fan of the 308 caliber rifle. I have a FN-FAL and a Remington 742 carbine in 308 and have found it to compare with the 30.06 in ballistic performance. The military and police units worldwide have adopted the 308 caliber for their main battle rifle. The 308 is going to be around for a long time and may be plentiful, but difficult to obtain in survival times. With availability in mind, I would have to advise all to make their large caliber rifle a 308. In 10 to 20 years from now you will thank me. Surplus military 308 ammo will be on the market and hopefully cheap, I wish I could say the same about the 30.06 cartridges.
30.06 Springfield The M1 rifle and the Browning 1918A1 proved this caliber as a true man stopper. Why the military ever gave up this round is beyond me. I firmly believe that politics and cost, not the soldier’s safety, played a major role in changing our main battle rifle to .308. Ammo in the 30.06 will dry up someday, I love the 30.06 and wish that its future was brighter, but in the order of things I can’t say the 30.06 caliber will survive. And NO!, you cannot shoot .308 ammo in a 30.06 rifle!
.50 BMG Browning Machine Gun: this round was developed by the military to use against planes, light tanks and light armored vehicles. It was mainly used in the M2 machine gun or ma-duce as the troops called it. Barrett makes a model 82 in semi automatic that is extremely well built, but carries a 7000 dollar plus price tag. The 50BMG cartridge is a specialty round that will hit its target with such a degree of precision that it would amaze most people, even at ranges out to a mile. One round of 50BMG can cost over five dollars, military surplus 50BMG ammo gets it down to about 2.00 dollars a round, for a very expensive afternoon of shooting, this is not a plinker round. This will be the next round to be removed from the civilian market due to its power at extreme ranges. This caliber will be around only because of a large stockpile the military has put away for the troops, civilian ownership of this round looks bleak.
12 Gauge The 12 gauge is probably the most widely used shell in the shot shooters world. The 12 gauge shot shell comes in every variety imaginable and then some. From No. 9 shot trap load to armor piercing slugs, to flachette [30 plus Dart’s], Dragon breath [flame thrower], bean bag rounds, the list goes on. I highly recommend having at least one 12-gauge firearm on your survival list, and stock as much ammo as you can afford. I recommend having a minimum of 500 rounds of No. 6 shot loads, 500 rounds of 00 buck and at least 250 rounds of slugs. The 12-gauge shell can always be used for trade or barter even in the worst-case scenario. The 12 gauge shot shell will be around long after the 410, 16, 18, and 20, 10’s have dried up and disappeared from shelves.
Conclusion: All the calibers listed , in a true breakdown of common goods trade, will dry up faster than you can say “new world order”. I own several firearms in these dying calibers and plan on passing them out to those around me who thought things would never come to this. When the ammo for these specialty firearms runs out, they will be useless metal. Unless you plan on learning the fine art of reloading and stocking plenty of reloading components, you are hanging in the wind. Study what the United Nations military uses for ammunition and you can’t go wrong when using a firearm of the same caliber! I believe in the near future you’ll see United Nations military troops or other "peacekeepers", keeping us safe, using the calibers I have mentioned in this article, on the streets of the United States of America.
And remember ANY GUN WILL DO!
.177 This caliber is listed because every home should have an air rifle in this caliber in the gunroom. It is a great training round and will put meat on the table without giving your location away to unfriendly individuals. The advances made in today’s air rifle are incredible, the day of the old spring loaded daisies are history, and my air rifle cranks out 1000fps and will roll a squirrel at 50yds.
.22LR Long Rifle: For many today, this was the first powder cartridge they ever fired from a firearm, this rim-fired cartridge makes a great training round and cost just pennies a round. Every major manufacture makes this caliber, so shop around for the best prices. This rim-fired cartridge has no center primer for ignition of the powder. A very sharp hit to the cartridge rims bottom base will cause this round to discharge, this round is very safe to carry and store. My advice here is to stock at least 10,000 rds (full case) away in a cool, dry place for each rifle of this caliber. The .22LR is the “jack of all trades” in the survivalist world, training, hunting and personal defense. Every one I know has a Ruger 10/22 in .22LR and is very proficient with it; we gave them as Christmas gifts throughout the years to all the family members to insure that they would have at least one good rifle.
.22 Magnum This rim-fired cartridge is a larger version of the .22LR and cannot be used in a .22LR firearm; this ammo is very expensive and limited in its range and use. Coyote and varmint hunters enjoy this round; personally I find little if any use for this caliber that the .223 (5.56) cannot handle.
.32 ACP Automatic Colt Pistol: this round and is made for pistol only and has saved several lives as a backup pistol for concealed carry purposes.
380 Auto If you own a pistol in this caliber, more power to you. I suggest that you stock up plenty of extra cases of ammunition.
.38 SPL This was a standard round for most law-enforcement agencies in the ’30, 40, 50, 60s. Today’ 38 revolve has come a long way in weight reduction, and design. I carry a 2 in Airlite by Smith and Wesson a loaded with CCI snake shot. The 13 pound 6 ft 4 in Eastern Diamond Back Rattlesnake mounted on my wall, reminds me to strap it on when I leave the back door. I don’t use this revolver for personal self-defense mostly because all of its five shot capacity and lack of accuracy at ranges beyond 10 yards due to the short barrel.
9 mm This is probably the most popular round on the market today. This round is made for pistol and rifle. This round was designed to operate in semi automatic firearms, and is used worldwide by elite units in full auto mode, due to its low recoil and stopping power. This cartridge is my personal choice for a sidearm in survival times. The 9 mm can be found in sporting goods sections and can be purchased in bulk by mail order.
The military and law-enforcement all stock this caliber and it should be easily found on the market for years to come. My advice is, stock at least 1000 rounds of fresh cartridges for each 9 mm firearm. The 9 mm got a bad rap in a shooting report from the FBI in a Miami shoot-out gone bad. The truth was, it was just bad marksmanship that got those agents killed and sloppy stake out procedures. In Los Angeles, the 9 mm failed to bring down a couple of bad guys wearing full body armor, even the fabled 45 could not have penetrated their body armor suits. Bad rap aside; it is still a great choice for a personal side arm caliber.
.40 SW Smith and Wesson: I have included this cartridge simply because of many police departments around the country have optioned to carry it. Ammo will dry up quickly during survival times, and once your supply of ammo runs out, your pistol will become useless metal/polymer.
.45 ACP Automatic Colt Pistol: this warhorse round has been on scene since WW1 to the present-day. This round is by far the most popular favorite of all veteran pistol shooters, and has stood the test of time. My favorite tactical pistol to date is an H/k sitcom Mark 23; the very side arm of our elite Special Forces and it uses a caliber designed 90 years ago. The Mark 23 is the only 45 pistol I’ve seen that is not a jammer.
The 2300 dollar price tag puts it out of reach for the average buyer. There are several makers of 45 pistols I can recommend, Wilson, Para-ordinance, and Gunsite, are just a few. This caliber is a great range paper puncher for ISPC matches. Spare parts are a necessity and when everyone is using the same model firearm, repairs are quick and simple. If the firearm is beyond repair, it can always be skeletonize for the rest of the group’s future repairs. If you and your family are proficient with a 45 pistol and feel comfortable with its recoil and performance, then use it.
.357 Magnum This caliber is a beefed up 38 special and is enjoyed by many revolver shooters for home defense. A 357 Magnum revolver will shoot 38 special cartridges, but not vice versa! When practicing on the range, 357 Magnum shooters usually fires low-profile 38 special cartridges and when they get home, they load it with the 357 Magnum cartridges. Thousands of shooters do this every day, I say practice with the load you intend to use for home defense in a real-time scenario, so their are no surprises, and it makes a difference.
Due to the number of 357 Magnum revolvers around today, this caliber will be around for a while still. The cost factor for this cartridge and recoil makes it a no go candidate. Yes, the 357 Magnum can penetrate a engine block, and that is great if you want to shoot engines all day, only a reloader will have cartridges for this caliber when supplies dry up.
.44 Magnum I have included this caliber solely because the power it delivers to the target. I must give credit to Elmer Keith for bringing the 44-caliber cartridge to the forefront for today’s shooters. His ballistic research and data kept this cartridge alive in revolvers. Fact, Mr. Keith could hit a target at 400 yards with his 5 in. 44 revolver every time at demonstrations he put on to promote the 44. Where this cartridge has a role in survival times is not sure.
.223 Remington [5.56 mm]: Only after reading the U.S. Army ballistic reports on this caliber and its origin was I able to grasp why the U.S. Army adopted this caliber for their main battle rifle. The m-14 [. 308] Lost out to the lighter/smaller colt 16 in 223 only because the weight and recoil of the 14 was too much for our smaller allies to handle. Mr. Stoner originally designed his rifle to fire the 308 caliber, the Army brass told him to tone down the load. The 223 [5.56.] round found a home in the civilian market due to Colts market strategy in AR- 15 models and the copycats that followed. If this is your choice for a survival rifle, then stock up on SS 109 armor piercing cartridges for your .223 rifle. They will punched through light metal and heavy wood items, and still have enough energy to penetrate an opponent. Setup for 500 yards shots, which is really this caliber's limit. Setup a larger caliber rifle for longer ranges and night use in 308 and 30.06 calibers.
.308 NATO [7.62x51]: I have become a big fan of the 308 caliber rifle. I have a FN-FAL and a Remington 742 carbine in 308 and have found it to compare with the 30.06 in ballistic performance. The military and police units worldwide have adopted the 308 caliber for their main battle rifle. The 308 is going to be around for a long time and may be plentiful, but difficult to obtain in survival times. With availability in mind, I would have to advise all to make their large caliber rifle a 308. In 10 to 20 years from now you will thank me. Surplus military 308 ammo will be on the market and hopefully cheap, I wish I could say the same about the 30.06 cartridges.
30.06 Springfield The M1 rifle and the Browning 1918A1 proved this caliber as a true man stopper. Why the military ever gave up this round is beyond me. I firmly believe that politics and cost, not the soldier’s safety, played a major role in changing our main battle rifle to .308. Ammo in the 30.06 will dry up someday, I love the 30.06 and wish that its future was brighter, but in the order of things I can’t say the 30.06 caliber will survive. And NO!, you cannot shoot .308 ammo in a 30.06 rifle!
.50 BMG Browning Machine Gun: this round was developed by the military to use against planes, light tanks and light armored vehicles. It was mainly used in the M2 machine gun or ma-duce as the troops called it. Barrett makes a model 82 in semi automatic that is extremely well built, but carries a 7000 dollar plus price tag. The 50BMG cartridge is a specialty round that will hit its target with such a degree of precision that it would amaze most people, even at ranges out to a mile. One round of 50BMG can cost over five dollars, military surplus 50BMG ammo gets it down to about 2.00 dollars a round, for a very expensive afternoon of shooting, this is not a plinker round. This will be the next round to be removed from the civilian market due to its power at extreme ranges. This caliber will be around only because of a large stockpile the military has put away for the troops, civilian ownership of this round looks bleak.
12 Gauge The 12 gauge is probably the most widely used shell in the shot shooters world. The 12 gauge shot shell comes in every variety imaginable and then some. From No. 9 shot trap load to armor piercing slugs, to flachette [30 plus Dart’s], Dragon breath [flame thrower], bean bag rounds, the list goes on. I highly recommend having at least one 12-gauge firearm on your survival list, and stock as much ammo as you can afford. I recommend having a minimum of 500 rounds of No. 6 shot loads, 500 rounds of 00 buck and at least 250 rounds of slugs. The 12-gauge shell can always be used for trade or barter even in the worst-case scenario. The 12 gauge shot shell will be around long after the 410, 16, 18, and 20, 10’s have dried up and disappeared from shelves.
Conclusion: All the calibers listed , in a true breakdown of common goods trade, will dry up faster than you can say “new world order”. I own several firearms in these dying calibers and plan on passing them out to those around me who thought things would never come to this. When the ammo for these specialty firearms runs out, they will be useless metal. Unless you plan on learning the fine art of reloading and stocking plenty of reloading components, you are hanging in the wind. Study what the United Nations military uses for ammunition and you can’t go wrong when using a firearm of the same caliber! I believe in the near future you’ll see United Nations military troops or other "peacekeepers", keeping us safe, using the calibers I have mentioned in this article, on the streets of the United States of America.
And remember ANY GUN WILL DO!
Monday, August 4, 2008
Programmed to Kill (Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB and the Kennedy Assassination)
Posted on Wednesday, October 03, 2007 9:21:07 PM by Free ThinkerNY
Programmed to Kill (Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB and the Kennedy Assassination)
By Jamie Glazov
FrontPageMagazine.com | 10/3/2007
Frontpage Interview’s guest today is Lt. Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa, the highest ranking intelligence official ever to have defected from the Soviet bloc. In 1989, Romania's president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife were executed at the end of a trial where most of the accusations had come word-for-word out of Pacepa's book, Red Horizons, republished in 27 countries. Pacepa's newest book is Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination.
FP: Lt. Gen Ion Mihai Pacepa, welcome to Frontpage Interview.
Pacepa: It is a great honor for me to be here. Yours is one of the few magazines that truly understand the Kremlin.
FP: Mr. Pacepa, you had direct knowledge of the KGB’s ties to Oswald and you also have had access to newly disclosed KGB documents. Tell us a bit about your own personal expertise in terms of this subject and the recently declassified evidence you have seen. Then kindly share with us the conclusions you have arrived at.
Pacepa: Moscow, of course, admitted nothing to us, the leaders of the Soviets’ surrogate intelligence services, about any involvement in the Kennedy assassination. The Kremlin knew that any indiscretion could start World War III. But for 15 years of my other life at the top of the Soviet bloc intelligence community, I was involved in a world-wide disinformation effort aimed at diverting attention away from the KGB’s involvement with Lee Harvey Oswald, the American Marine who had defected to Moscow, returned to the U.S., and killed President Kennedy.
We launched rumors, published articles and even produced books insinuating that the culprits were in the U.S., not in the Soviet Union. Our ultimate “proof” was a note addressed to “Mr. Hunt,” dated November 8, 1963 and signed by Oswald, copies of which turned up in the U.S. in 1975. We knew the note was faked, but American graphological experts certified that it was genuine, and conspiracy theorists connected it to the CIA’s E. Howard Hunt, by then well known from the Watergate affair, and used it to “prove” that the CIA was implicated in the Kennedy assassination.
Original KGB documents in the Mitrokhin Archive, brought to light in the 1990s, finally proved that the note was forged by the KGB during the Watergate scandal. The forged note was twice checked for “authenticity” by the KGB’s Technical Operations Directorate (OTU) and approved for use. In 1975 the KGB mailed three photocopies of the note from Mexico to conspiracy buffs in the United States.[1] (The KGB rules allowed only photocopies of counterfeited documents to be used, to avoid close examination of the original).
After the Soviet Union collapsed, I hoped the new leaders in Moscow might reveal the KGB hand in the Kennedy assassination. Instead, in 1993 they published Passport to Assassination: the Never-Before-Told Story of Lee Harvy Oswald by the KGB Colonel Who Knew Him, a book claiming that a thorough investigation into Oswald had found no Soviet involvement with him whatsoever.[2] Hangmen do not incriminate themselves.
FP: Can you go into a bit of detail about what the Mitrokhin Archive is?
Pacepa: In the 1990s, retired KGB officer Vasily Mitrokhin, helped by the British MI6, smuggled ca 25,000 pages of highly confidential KGB documents out of Moscow. They represent a minuscule part of the KGB archive, estimated to be some 27 billion pages (the East German Stasi archive had 3 billion). Nevertheless, the FBI described the Mitrokhin Archive as “the most complete and extensive intelligence ever received from any source.” According to this archive, the first American book on the assassination, Oswald: Assassin or Fall Guy?, which blames the CIA and the FBI for the crime, was masterminded by the KGB. The book’s author, Joachim Joesten, a German-born American communist, spent five days in Dallas after the assassination, then went to Europe and disappeared from sight. A few months later Joesten’s book was published by American communist Carlo Aldo Marzani (New York), who received $80,000 from the KGB to produce pro-Soviet books, plus an annual $10,000 to advertise them aggressively. Other documents in the Mitrokhin Archive identify the first American reviewer of this book, Victor Perlo, as an undercover KGB operative.
Joesten’s book was dedicated to American Mark Lane, described in the Mitrokhin Archive as a leftist who anonymously received money from the KGB. In 1966 Lane published the bestseller Rush to Judgment, alleging that Kennedy was killed by a right-wing American group. These two books encouraged people with any remotely related background expertise to join the fray. Each viewed events from his own perspective, but all accused elements in the U.S. of that crime. New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison looked around his home district and in 1967 arrested a local man, whom he accused of conspiring with elements of U.S. intelligence to murder Kennedy in order to stop the latter's efforts to end the Cold War. The accused was acquitted in 1969, but Garrison clung to his story, first writing A Heritage of Stone (Putnam, 1970) and eventually publishing On the Trail of the Assassins (Sheriden Square, 1988), one of the books that inspired Oliver Stone's movie JFK.
The Kennedy assassination conspiracy was born—and it never died. According to another document, in April 1977 KGB chairman Yury Andropov informed the Politburo that the KGB was launching a new desinformatsiya campaign to further implicate “American special services” in the Kennedy assassination. Unfortunately, the Mitrokhin Archive is silent on the subject after that.
FP: You have discovered documents personally written by the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, suggesting that he was linked to the KGB’s department for assassination abroad, and that he had returned to the U.S. from the Soviet Union only temporarily, on a mission. Two federal investigations and over 2,500 books have looked into the assassination, but no one has raised this matter. How come?
Pacepa: Because no assassination investigators or researchers were sufficiently familiar with KGB operational codes and practices. The FBI recently told the U.S. Congress that only a native Arabic speaker could catch the fine points of an al-Qaida telephone intercept—especially one containing intelligence doubletalk. I spent 23 years of my other life speaking in such codes. Even my own identity was codified. In 1955, when I became a foreign intelligence officer, I was informed that from then on my name would be Mihai Podeanu, and Podeanu I remained until 1978, when I broke with communism. All my subordinates—and the rest of the Soviet bloc foreign intelligence officers—used codes in their written reports, when talking with their sources, and even in conversations with their own colleagues. When I left Romania for good, my espionage service was the “university,” the country’s leader was the “Architect,” Vienna was “Videle,” and so on.
In an interview published in the U.S., KGB general Boris Solomatin, a long-time deputy chief of the PGU (Soviet foreign intelligence), once stated: "I don't make out of myself a man who knows everything in intelligence—as some former officers of the First Department [i.e., the PGU] who have written their books try to do. In intelligence and counterintelligence only the man who is heading these services knows everything. I am saying this because all the questions concerning ciphers and cipher machines were under another department—in a directorate outside of mine, similar to your National Security Agency."[3]
During my last ten years in Romania I also managed the country's equivalent of NSA, and I became familiar with the code systems used throughout the Soviet bloc intelligence community. This knowledge allowed me to realize that the innocuous-sounding letters from Oswald and his Soviet wife to the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. (made available to the Warren Commission) constituted veiled messages to the KGB. In them I found proof that Oswald was sent to the U.S. on a temporary mission, and that he planned to return to the inscrutable Soviet Union after accomplishing his task.
It took me many years to sift the wheat from the chaff in going through the piles of investigative reports generated by the violent death of the young American president, but when I finished I was fascinated by the wealth of KGB fingerprints all over the story of Oswald and his killer, Jack Ruby.
FP: So give us some concrete KGB fingerprints.
Pacepa: Let’s take the handwritten note in Russian Oswald left his Soviet wife, Marina, just before he tried to kill American general Edwin Walker in a dry run before going on to assassinate President Kennedy. That very important note contains two KGB codes: friends (code for support officer) and Red Cross (code for financial help). In this note, Oswald tells Marina what to do in case he is arrested. He stresses that she should contact the (Soviet) “embassy,” that they have “friends here,” and that the “Red Cross” will help her financially. Particularly significant is Oswald’s instruction for her to “send the embassy the information about what happened to me.” At that time the code for embassy was “office,” but it seems that Oswald wanted to be sure Marina would understand that she should immediately inform the Soviet embassy. It is noteworthy that Marina did not mention this note to U.S. authorities after Oswald’s arrest. It was found at the home of Ruth Paine, an American friend with whom Marina was staying at the time of the assassination.
FP: The Warren Commission and the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that Oswald had no connection whatsoever with the KGB. But according to your book, Oswald secretly met an officer of the KGB’s assassination department in Mexico City just a few weeks before shooting President Kennedy. What’s the evidence?
Pacepa: There are many bits of evidence proving Oswald’s connection with the KGB. A tangible one is the letter he sent to the Soviet embassy in Washington a few days after meeting “Comrade Kostin” in Mexico City. Elsewhere Oswald identified the person he had met there as “Comrade Kostikov.” The CIA has identified Valery Kostikov as an officer of the PGU’s Thirteenth Department for “wet affairs” (wet being a euphemism for bloody). A handwritten draft of that letter was found among Oswald’s effects after the assassination. The previously mentioned Ruth Paine testified that Oswald re-wrote that letter several times before typing it on her typewriter. Marina stated he “retyped the envelope ten times.” It was important to him. A photocopy of the final letter Oswald sent to the Soviet embassy was recovered by the Warren Commission. Let me quote from that letter, in which I have also inserted Oswald’s earlier draft version in brackets:
“This is to inform you of recent events since my meetings with comrade Kostin [in draft: “of new events since my interviews with comrade Kostine”] in the Embassy of the Soviet Union, Mexico City, Mexico. I was unable to remain in Mexico [crossed out in draft: “because I considered useless”] indefinily because of my mexican visa restrictions which was for 15 days only. I could not take a chance on requesting a new visa [in draft: “applying for an extension”] unless I used my real name, so I returned to the United States.”
The fact that Oswald used an operational codename for Kostikov confirms to me that both his meeting with Kostikov in Mexico City and his correspondence with the Soviet Embassy in Washington were conducted in a PGU operational context. The fact that Oswald did not use his real name to obtain his Mexican visa confirms this conclusion.
Now let’s juxtapose this combined letter against the free guide book Esta Semana-This Week, September 28 – October 4, 1963, and a Spanish-English dictionary, both found among Oswald’s effects. The guide book has the Soviet embassy’s telephone number underlined, the names Kosten and Osvald noted in Cyrillic on the page listing “Diplomats in Mexico,” and check marks next to five movie theaters on the previous page.[4] In the back of his Spanish-English dictionary Oswald wrote: “buy tickets [plural] for bull fight,”[5] and the Plaza México bullring is encircled on his Mexico City map.[6] Also marked on Oswald’s map is the Palace of Fine Arts,[7] a favorite place for tourists to assemble on Sunday mornings to watch the Ballet Folklórico. (Click here to see these documents, Oswald’s handwritten notes and other similar materials.)
Contrary to what Oswald claimed, he was not observed at the Soviet embassy at any time during his stay in Mexico City, although the CIA had surveillance cameras trained on the entrance to the embassy at that time.[8] In short, all of the above facts taken together suggest to me that Oswald resorted to an unscheduled or “iron meeting”—zheleznaya yavka in Russian—for an urgent talk with Kostikov in Mexico City. The “iron meeting” was a standard KGB procedure for emergency situations, iron meaning ironclad or invariable.
In my day I approved quite a few “iron meetings” in Mexico City (a favorite place for contacting our important agents living in the U.S.), and Oswald’s “iron meeting” looks to me like a typical one. That means: a brief encounter at a movie house to arrange a meeting for the following day at the bullfights (in Mexico City they were held at 4:30 on Sunday afternoon); a brief encounter in front of the Palace of Fine Arts to pass Kostikov one of the bullfight tickets Oswald had bought; and a long meeting for discussions at the Sunday bullfight.
Of course, I cannot be sure that everything happened exactly that way—every case officer had his own quirks. But however they may have connected, it is clear that Kostikov and Oswald did secretly meet over that weekend of September 28-29, 1963. On the following Tuesday, still in Mexico City, he telephoned the Soviet embassy from the Cuban embassy and asked the guard on duty to connect him with “Comrade Kostikov” with whom he had “talked on September 28.” That phone call was intercepted by the CIA.
FP: Every communist party was managed by a Soviet-style politburo, all Soviet bloc armies wore the same uniform, every East European police force was replaced by a Soviet-style militia. How was this Soviet pattern reflected in the bloc’s intelligence community?
Pacepa: “Everything you’ll see here is identical to what I saw in your service,” Sergio del Valle—Cuban minister of interior and overall chief of both domestic security and foreign intelligence—told me in 1972, when he introduced me to the managers of the Cuban espionage service, the DGI.[9] Even the DGI officers’ training was based on the same manuals we in the Romanian espionage service, the DIE—Departamentul de Informatii Externe—had gotten from the PGU.
Yes, Soviet intelligence, like the Soviet government in general, had a strong penchant for patterns. By its very nature espionage is an arcane and duplicitous undertaking, but in the hands of the Soviets it developed into a whole philosophy, every aspect of which had its own set of tried and true rules and followed a prescribed pattern.
During the many years I spent researching Oswald’s ties with the KGB, I took the factual, verifiable information on his life that had been developed by the U.S. government and relevant private researchers, and I examined it in the light of PGU operational patterns—little known by outsiders because of the utter secrecy then—as now—endemic to Russia. New insights into the assassination came suddenly to life. Oswald’s experiences as a Marine serving in Japan, for instance, perfectly fit the PGU template for recruiting American servicemen outside the United States that I for many years had applied to Romanian operations. It also was obvious that the locker at a bus terminal Oswald used in 1959, after returning to the U.S. from Japan, to deposit a duffel bag stuffed with photographs of U.S. military planes was in fact an intelligence dead drop.[10] During those years the use of such lockers was all the rage with the PGU—and the DIE.
Soviet espionage operations can be isolated out by their patterns, if you are familiar with them. Counterintelligence experts call these patterns “operational evidence,” showing the fingerprints of the perpetrator.
FP: Most of the work on the Kennedy assassination suggests that Oswald was a low-ranking Marine who had no important information to offer the KGB. He was also clearly disturbed and somewhat of a loose-cannon. If that is true, why would the KGB have recruited him?
Pacepa: That was Soviet dezinformatsyia—disseminated by my DIE as well, at KGB behest. The truth is quite different. Here is one example. As a radar operator at Atsugi Air Base in Japan, Oswald knew the flight altitude of the CIA’s super-secret U-2 spy planes flying over the Soviet Union from that base. In 1959, when I was chief of Romania’s intelligence station in West Germany, a Soviet requirement sent to me asked for “everything, including rumors,” about the flight altitude of the U-2 planes. The Soviet Defense Ministry knew that U-2 planes had flown over the Soviet Union several times, but its Air Defense Command had not been able to track them because the Soviet radars of those days did not reach ultra-high altitudes.
Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 pilot whom the Soviets shot down on May 1, 1960, believed that the Soviets were able to get him because Oswald had provided them with the altitude of his flight. According to Powers’ statement, Oswald had access “not only to radar and radio codes but also to the new MPS-16 height-finding radar gear” and the height at which the U-2 flew, which was one of the most highly classified secrets.[11]
It seems that Oswald, who defected to the Soviet Union in 1959, was one of the people in the audience attending Powers’s spectacular trial in Moscow. On February 15, 1962, Oswald wrote to his brother Robert: “I heard over the voice of America that they released Powers the U2 spy plane fellow. That’s big news where you are I suppose. He seemed to be a nice, bright american-type fellow, when I saw him in Moscow.”[12]
It would have been normal procedure for the KGB to take Oswald to observe the Powers trial as one of the rewards given him for having enabled the Soviet Union to shoot down the U-2.
FP: Yuri Nosenko, a KGB officer who defected to the U.S. in 1964, told assassination researcher Gerald Posner: “I am surprised that such a big deal is made of the fact that [Oswald] was a Marine. What was he in the Marine Corps—a major, a captain, a colonel?”[13] How do you explain Nosenko’s statement?
Pacepa: I know for a fact that Nosenko was a bona fide defector. But he belonged to a KGB domestic department and knew nothing about PGU foreign sources—just as a middle level FBI agent would know nothing about CIA sources abroad.
Recruiting low-ranking American servicemen was one of the PGU’s highest priorities in those days. Hunting for a “serzhant” was my top priority during the three years (1957-59) I was assigned as rezident in West Germany, and it was still a top priority in 1978, when I broke with Communism. Of course the PGU would have liked to recruit American colonels, but they were difficult to approach, whereas low-ranking officers were more accessible and could provide excellent information if given the right guidance.
Sergeant Robert Lee Johnson is a good example. In the 1950s he was stationed abroad where, like Oswald, he became infatuated with communism. In 1953 Johnson surreptitiously entered a Soviet military unit in East Berlin, where he asked—as Oswald evidently did—to be granted political asylum in the “workers’ paradise.” Once there, Johnson was recruited by the PGU and persuaded to return temporarily to the U.S. to carry out a “historic task” before starting his new life in the Soviet Union—as was the case with Oswald. Eventually, Sgt. Johnson was secretly awarded the rank of Red Army major and received written congratulations from Khrushchev himself.[14]
According to PGU Col. Vitaly Yurchenko, who defected to the CIA in 1985 and soon redefected, U.S. Chief Warrant Officer John Anthony Walker—another “serzhant”—was the greatest agent in PGU history, “surpassing in importance even the Soviet theft of the Anglo-American blueprints for the first atomic bomb.” John F. Lehman, who was the U.S. secretary of the Navy when Walker was arrested, agreed.[15]
FP: In 1962, when Oswald returned from the Soviet Union, he brought with him a 13-page document entitled “Historic Diary.” Why was it called that?
Pacepa: “Historic” was a PGU slogan at the time. The term was introduced by General Aleksandr Sakharovsky, a former Soviet chief adviser to Romania’s Securitate who rose to head the PGU for an unprecedented fourteen years. “Historic” was his favorite expression. The Securitate had the “historic task” to weed out the bourgeoisie from the Romanian soil, as he constantly preached at us. The “historic duty” of the PGU was to dig the grave of the international bourgeoisie. Dogonyat i peregonyat was our “monumentalnaya, historic task,” he told us right after Khrushchev had launched that famous slogan of his about catching up with the West and overtaking it in the space of ten years.
Personal diaries were also Sakharovsky’s invention. All our illegal officers and agents sent to the West under a fictitious biography had to take along some kind of written memory aid, so that they could remember exactly where they had supposedly been when, and what they had done in various periods of their alleged lives. Up to the end of the 1950s, these notes had been taken abroad in the form of microdots or on soft film concealed in some everyday object, but of course they presented the potential risk of becoming incriminating evidence if ever found. In January 1959 Sakharovsky ordered all Soviet bloc foreign intelligence services to conceal those biographies in the form of diaries, drafts of books, personal letters or autobiographical notes. These notes were drafted by disinformation specialists, copied out by hand by the illegal or intelligence agent concerned, usually just before leaving for the West, and then carried across the border openly.
A microscopic examination of Oswald’s “Historic Diary” did indeed show that “it was written in one or two sessions.”[16] It was also copied out in great haste, as suggested by the many spelling inaccuracies.
FP: Your book takes an intriguing twist in the way it tells the plot. In the end, you find that the evidence suggests that Oswald lost PGU (Soviet Foreign Intelleigence) support, and that he went alone to kill President Kennedy. This is a bit of an eye-brow raiser. Tell us what you know and explain your interpretation please.
Pacepa: In October 1962, the West German Supreme Court mounted a public trial of Bogdan Stashinsky, a Soviet intelligence defector who had been decorated by Khrushchev for having assassinated enemies of the Soviet Union living in the West. This trial revealed Khrushchev to the world as a callous political butcher. By 1963 the once flamboyant Soviet dictator was already a crippled ruler gasping for air. The slightest whiff of any Soviet involvement in the assassination of the American president could have been fatal to Khrushchev. Thus, the KGB—as did my DIE—canceled all operations aimed at assassinating enemies in the West.
The PGU unsuccessfully tried to deprogram Oswald. The available documents show that, to prove to the PGU that he was capable of securely carrying out the assigned assassination, Oswald conducted a dry run by shooting at—although narrowly missing—American general Edwin Walker. Oswald put together a package, complete with photographs, showing how he had planned this operation, and then he took this material to Mexico City to show “Comrade Kostin,” his case officer, what he could do. Even though he had pulled off the Walker assassination attempt without being identified as the perpetrator, Moscow remained adamant.
The stubborn Oswald was devastated, but in the end he went ahead on his own, utterly convinced he was fulfilling his “historic” task. He was just 24 years old, and he had done his best to obtain weapons in an inconspicuous way and to fabricate identity documents, using the tradecraft the KGB had taught him. Up until the very end he also followed the emergency instructions he had originally been given by the KGB—admit nothing and ask for a lawyer.
Since Oswald already knew too much about the original plan, however, Moscow arranged for him to be silenced forever, if he should go on to commit the unthinkable. That was another Soviet pattern. Seven chiefs of the Soviet political police itself were secretly or openly assassinated to prevent them from incriminating the Kremlin. Some were poisoned (Vyacheslav Menzhinsky in 1934), other were executed as Western spies (Genrikh Yagoda in 1938, Nikolay Yezhov in 1939, Lavrenty Beriya and Vsevolod Merkulov in 1953, and Viktor Abakumov in 1954).
Furthermore, immediately upon news of Kennedy’s assassination Moscow launched Operation “Dragon,” a disinformation effort in which my service was deeply involved. The aim—which has succeeded only too well—was to throw the blame on various elements in the United States for killing their own president.
FP: A first review of Programmed to Kill, by Publishers Weekly, states that your book is based on old intelligence anecdotes and offers no convincing Soviet motives for the assassination. What do you have to say to that?
Pacepa: On January 3, 1988, The New York Times published a similar review of my first book, Red Horizons, stating that it contained only “squalid anecdotes” about Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu. But two years later Ceausescu was executed at the end of a trial whose accusations came almost word-for-word out of Red Horizons—which is still in print.
FP: So wasn’t all of this – if it is true—a bit crazy for Khrushchev to have risked? It could have caused a world war, no?
Pacepa: Khrushchev, who was my de facto boss for nine years, was irrational. Today, people remember him as a down-to-earth peasant who corrected the evils of Stalin. The Khrushchev I knew was bloody, brash and extroverted, and he tended to destroy every project once he got his hands on it. Khrushchev’s irrationality made him the most controversial and unpredictable Soviet leader. He unmasked Stalin's crimes, but he made political assassination a main instrument of his own foreign policy. He authored a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, but he ended up by pushing the world to the brink of nuclear war. He concluded the first agreement for the control of nuclear arms, but he tried to secure Fidel Castro's position at the helm of Cuba with the help of nuclear arms. He repaired Moscow's relations with Yugoslavia's Tito, but he broke those with Beijing and thereby destroyed the unity of the Communist world. On September 11, 1971 Khrushchev died in ignominy, as a non-person, although not before seeing his memoirs published in the West giving his own version of history.
FP: Lt. Gen Ion Mihai Pacepa, thank you kindly for joining Frontpage Interview. Aside from the new revelations and important facts and questions you have brought to the forefront about the Kennedy assassination, your book serves as yet another reminder of the evil nature of the KGB and the truly dark and sinister entity that we faced in the Soviet regime.
Thank you for your fight for the truth and for historical memory.
It was an honor to speak with you again.
Pacepa: I greatly appreciate your courage in being willing to debate this controversial subject.
Notes:
[1] Cristopher Andrew and Vasily Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, Perseus Books Group, 1999), p. 229.
[2] Oleg Nechiporenko, Passport to Assassination: the Never-Before-Told Story of Lee Harvy Oswald by the KGB Colonel who knew him (New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1993).
[3] Washington Post Magazine, April 23, 1995.
[4] Warren Commission Exhibit 2486.
[5] Testimony of Ruth Hyde Paine, Warren Commission Vol. 3, pp. 12-13.
[6] Warren Commission Exhibit 1400.
[7] Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Marina and Lee (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), p. 496.
[8] Edward Jay Epstein, Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald (New York: Reader’s Digest Press), p. 16.
[9] Dirección General de Inteligencia
[10] Epstein, Legend, p. 89.
[11] Francis Gary Powers, with Curt Gentry, Operation Overflight: The U-2 spy pilot tells his story for the first time (New York: Holt, Rinehart, 1970), p. 357.
[12] Warren Commission Exhibit 315.
[13] Gerald Posner, Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 49.
[14] Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story Of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 462.
[15] John Barron, Breaking the Ring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), pp. 148, 212.
[16] Epstein, Legend, pp. 109, 298n.
Programmed to Kill (Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB and the Kennedy Assassination)
By Jamie Glazov
FrontPageMagazine.com | 10/3/2007
Frontpage Interview’s guest today is Lt. Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa, the highest ranking intelligence official ever to have defected from the Soviet bloc. In 1989, Romania's president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife were executed at the end of a trial where most of the accusations had come word-for-word out of Pacepa's book, Red Horizons, republished in 27 countries. Pacepa's newest book is Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination.
FP: Lt. Gen Ion Mihai Pacepa, welcome to Frontpage Interview.
Pacepa: It is a great honor for me to be here. Yours is one of the few magazines that truly understand the Kremlin.
FP: Mr. Pacepa, you had direct knowledge of the KGB’s ties to Oswald and you also have had access to newly disclosed KGB documents. Tell us a bit about your own personal expertise in terms of this subject and the recently declassified evidence you have seen. Then kindly share with us the conclusions you have arrived at.
Pacepa: Moscow, of course, admitted nothing to us, the leaders of the Soviets’ surrogate intelligence services, about any involvement in the Kennedy assassination. The Kremlin knew that any indiscretion could start World War III. But for 15 years of my other life at the top of the Soviet bloc intelligence community, I was involved in a world-wide disinformation effort aimed at diverting attention away from the KGB’s involvement with Lee Harvey Oswald, the American Marine who had defected to Moscow, returned to the U.S., and killed President Kennedy.
We launched rumors, published articles and even produced books insinuating that the culprits were in the U.S., not in the Soviet Union. Our ultimate “proof” was a note addressed to “Mr. Hunt,” dated November 8, 1963 and signed by Oswald, copies of which turned up in the U.S. in 1975. We knew the note was faked, but American graphological experts certified that it was genuine, and conspiracy theorists connected it to the CIA’s E. Howard Hunt, by then well known from the Watergate affair, and used it to “prove” that the CIA was implicated in the Kennedy assassination.
Original KGB documents in the Mitrokhin Archive, brought to light in the 1990s, finally proved that the note was forged by the KGB during the Watergate scandal. The forged note was twice checked for “authenticity” by the KGB’s Technical Operations Directorate (OTU) and approved for use. In 1975 the KGB mailed three photocopies of the note from Mexico to conspiracy buffs in the United States.[1] (The KGB rules allowed only photocopies of counterfeited documents to be used, to avoid close examination of the original).
After the Soviet Union collapsed, I hoped the new leaders in Moscow might reveal the KGB hand in the Kennedy assassination. Instead, in 1993 they published Passport to Assassination: the Never-Before-Told Story of Lee Harvy Oswald by the KGB Colonel Who Knew Him, a book claiming that a thorough investigation into Oswald had found no Soviet involvement with him whatsoever.[2] Hangmen do not incriminate themselves.
FP: Can you go into a bit of detail about what the Mitrokhin Archive is?
Pacepa: In the 1990s, retired KGB officer Vasily Mitrokhin, helped by the British MI6, smuggled ca 25,000 pages of highly confidential KGB documents out of Moscow. They represent a minuscule part of the KGB archive, estimated to be some 27 billion pages (the East German Stasi archive had 3 billion). Nevertheless, the FBI described the Mitrokhin Archive as “the most complete and extensive intelligence ever received from any source.” According to this archive, the first American book on the assassination, Oswald: Assassin or Fall Guy?, which blames the CIA and the FBI for the crime, was masterminded by the KGB. The book’s author, Joachim Joesten, a German-born American communist, spent five days in Dallas after the assassination, then went to Europe and disappeared from sight. A few months later Joesten’s book was published by American communist Carlo Aldo Marzani (New York), who received $80,000 from the KGB to produce pro-Soviet books, plus an annual $10,000 to advertise them aggressively. Other documents in the Mitrokhin Archive identify the first American reviewer of this book, Victor Perlo, as an undercover KGB operative.
Joesten’s book was dedicated to American Mark Lane, described in the Mitrokhin Archive as a leftist who anonymously received money from the KGB. In 1966 Lane published the bestseller Rush to Judgment, alleging that Kennedy was killed by a right-wing American group. These two books encouraged people with any remotely related background expertise to join the fray. Each viewed events from his own perspective, but all accused elements in the U.S. of that crime. New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison looked around his home district and in 1967 arrested a local man, whom he accused of conspiring with elements of U.S. intelligence to murder Kennedy in order to stop the latter's efforts to end the Cold War. The accused was acquitted in 1969, but Garrison clung to his story, first writing A Heritage of Stone (Putnam, 1970) and eventually publishing On the Trail of the Assassins (Sheriden Square, 1988), one of the books that inspired Oliver Stone's movie JFK.
The Kennedy assassination conspiracy was born—and it never died. According to another document, in April 1977 KGB chairman Yury Andropov informed the Politburo that the KGB was launching a new desinformatsiya campaign to further implicate “American special services” in the Kennedy assassination. Unfortunately, the Mitrokhin Archive is silent on the subject after that.
FP: You have discovered documents personally written by the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, suggesting that he was linked to the KGB’s department for assassination abroad, and that he had returned to the U.S. from the Soviet Union only temporarily, on a mission. Two federal investigations and over 2,500 books have looked into the assassination, but no one has raised this matter. How come?
Pacepa: Because no assassination investigators or researchers were sufficiently familiar with KGB operational codes and practices. The FBI recently told the U.S. Congress that only a native Arabic speaker could catch the fine points of an al-Qaida telephone intercept—especially one containing intelligence doubletalk. I spent 23 years of my other life speaking in such codes. Even my own identity was codified. In 1955, when I became a foreign intelligence officer, I was informed that from then on my name would be Mihai Podeanu, and Podeanu I remained until 1978, when I broke with communism. All my subordinates—and the rest of the Soviet bloc foreign intelligence officers—used codes in their written reports, when talking with their sources, and even in conversations with their own colleagues. When I left Romania for good, my espionage service was the “university,” the country’s leader was the “Architect,” Vienna was “Videle,” and so on.
In an interview published in the U.S., KGB general Boris Solomatin, a long-time deputy chief of the PGU (Soviet foreign intelligence), once stated: "I don't make out of myself a man who knows everything in intelligence—as some former officers of the First Department [i.e., the PGU] who have written their books try to do. In intelligence and counterintelligence only the man who is heading these services knows everything. I am saying this because all the questions concerning ciphers and cipher machines were under another department—in a directorate outside of mine, similar to your National Security Agency."[3]
During my last ten years in Romania I also managed the country's equivalent of NSA, and I became familiar with the code systems used throughout the Soviet bloc intelligence community. This knowledge allowed me to realize that the innocuous-sounding letters from Oswald and his Soviet wife to the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. (made available to the Warren Commission) constituted veiled messages to the KGB. In them I found proof that Oswald was sent to the U.S. on a temporary mission, and that he planned to return to the inscrutable Soviet Union after accomplishing his task.
It took me many years to sift the wheat from the chaff in going through the piles of investigative reports generated by the violent death of the young American president, but when I finished I was fascinated by the wealth of KGB fingerprints all over the story of Oswald and his killer, Jack Ruby.
FP: So give us some concrete KGB fingerprints.
Pacepa: Let’s take the handwritten note in Russian Oswald left his Soviet wife, Marina, just before he tried to kill American general Edwin Walker in a dry run before going on to assassinate President Kennedy. That very important note contains two KGB codes: friends (code for support officer) and Red Cross (code for financial help). In this note, Oswald tells Marina what to do in case he is arrested. He stresses that she should contact the (Soviet) “embassy,” that they have “friends here,” and that the “Red Cross” will help her financially. Particularly significant is Oswald’s instruction for her to “send the embassy the information about what happened to me.” At that time the code for embassy was “office,” but it seems that Oswald wanted to be sure Marina would understand that she should immediately inform the Soviet embassy. It is noteworthy that Marina did not mention this note to U.S. authorities after Oswald’s arrest. It was found at the home of Ruth Paine, an American friend with whom Marina was staying at the time of the assassination.
FP: The Warren Commission and the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that Oswald had no connection whatsoever with the KGB. But according to your book, Oswald secretly met an officer of the KGB’s assassination department in Mexico City just a few weeks before shooting President Kennedy. What’s the evidence?
Pacepa: There are many bits of evidence proving Oswald’s connection with the KGB. A tangible one is the letter he sent to the Soviet embassy in Washington a few days after meeting “Comrade Kostin” in Mexico City. Elsewhere Oswald identified the person he had met there as “Comrade Kostikov.” The CIA has identified Valery Kostikov as an officer of the PGU’s Thirteenth Department for “wet affairs” (wet being a euphemism for bloody). A handwritten draft of that letter was found among Oswald’s effects after the assassination. The previously mentioned Ruth Paine testified that Oswald re-wrote that letter several times before typing it on her typewriter. Marina stated he “retyped the envelope ten times.” It was important to him. A photocopy of the final letter Oswald sent to the Soviet embassy was recovered by the Warren Commission. Let me quote from that letter, in which I have also inserted Oswald’s earlier draft version in brackets:
“This is to inform you of recent events since my meetings with comrade Kostin [in draft: “of new events since my interviews with comrade Kostine”] in the Embassy of the Soviet Union, Mexico City, Mexico. I was unable to remain in Mexico [crossed out in draft: “because I considered useless”] indefinily because of my mexican visa restrictions which was for 15 days only. I could not take a chance on requesting a new visa [in draft: “applying for an extension”] unless I used my real name, so I returned to the United States.”
The fact that Oswald used an operational codename for Kostikov confirms to me that both his meeting with Kostikov in Mexico City and his correspondence with the Soviet Embassy in Washington were conducted in a PGU operational context. The fact that Oswald did not use his real name to obtain his Mexican visa confirms this conclusion.
Now let’s juxtapose this combined letter against the free guide book Esta Semana-This Week, September 28 – October 4, 1963, and a Spanish-English dictionary, both found among Oswald’s effects. The guide book has the Soviet embassy’s telephone number underlined, the names Kosten and Osvald noted in Cyrillic on the page listing “Diplomats in Mexico,” and check marks next to five movie theaters on the previous page.[4] In the back of his Spanish-English dictionary Oswald wrote: “buy tickets [plural] for bull fight,”[5] and the Plaza México bullring is encircled on his Mexico City map.[6] Also marked on Oswald’s map is the Palace of Fine Arts,[7] a favorite place for tourists to assemble on Sunday mornings to watch the Ballet Folklórico. (Click here to see these documents, Oswald’s handwritten notes and other similar materials.)
Contrary to what Oswald claimed, he was not observed at the Soviet embassy at any time during his stay in Mexico City, although the CIA had surveillance cameras trained on the entrance to the embassy at that time.[8] In short, all of the above facts taken together suggest to me that Oswald resorted to an unscheduled or “iron meeting”—zheleznaya yavka in Russian—for an urgent talk with Kostikov in Mexico City. The “iron meeting” was a standard KGB procedure for emergency situations, iron meaning ironclad or invariable.
In my day I approved quite a few “iron meetings” in Mexico City (a favorite place for contacting our important agents living in the U.S.), and Oswald’s “iron meeting” looks to me like a typical one. That means: a brief encounter at a movie house to arrange a meeting for the following day at the bullfights (in Mexico City they were held at 4:30 on Sunday afternoon); a brief encounter in front of the Palace of Fine Arts to pass Kostikov one of the bullfight tickets Oswald had bought; and a long meeting for discussions at the Sunday bullfight.
Of course, I cannot be sure that everything happened exactly that way—every case officer had his own quirks. But however they may have connected, it is clear that Kostikov and Oswald did secretly meet over that weekend of September 28-29, 1963. On the following Tuesday, still in Mexico City, he telephoned the Soviet embassy from the Cuban embassy and asked the guard on duty to connect him with “Comrade Kostikov” with whom he had “talked on September 28.” That phone call was intercepted by the CIA.
FP: Every communist party was managed by a Soviet-style politburo, all Soviet bloc armies wore the same uniform, every East European police force was replaced by a Soviet-style militia. How was this Soviet pattern reflected in the bloc’s intelligence community?
Pacepa: “Everything you’ll see here is identical to what I saw in your service,” Sergio del Valle—Cuban minister of interior and overall chief of both domestic security and foreign intelligence—told me in 1972, when he introduced me to the managers of the Cuban espionage service, the DGI.[9] Even the DGI officers’ training was based on the same manuals we in the Romanian espionage service, the DIE—Departamentul de Informatii Externe—had gotten from the PGU.
Yes, Soviet intelligence, like the Soviet government in general, had a strong penchant for patterns. By its very nature espionage is an arcane and duplicitous undertaking, but in the hands of the Soviets it developed into a whole philosophy, every aspect of which had its own set of tried and true rules and followed a prescribed pattern.
During the many years I spent researching Oswald’s ties with the KGB, I took the factual, verifiable information on his life that had been developed by the U.S. government and relevant private researchers, and I examined it in the light of PGU operational patterns—little known by outsiders because of the utter secrecy then—as now—endemic to Russia. New insights into the assassination came suddenly to life. Oswald’s experiences as a Marine serving in Japan, for instance, perfectly fit the PGU template for recruiting American servicemen outside the United States that I for many years had applied to Romanian operations. It also was obvious that the locker at a bus terminal Oswald used in 1959, after returning to the U.S. from Japan, to deposit a duffel bag stuffed with photographs of U.S. military planes was in fact an intelligence dead drop.[10] During those years the use of such lockers was all the rage with the PGU—and the DIE.
Soviet espionage operations can be isolated out by their patterns, if you are familiar with them. Counterintelligence experts call these patterns “operational evidence,” showing the fingerprints of the perpetrator.
FP: Most of the work on the Kennedy assassination suggests that Oswald was a low-ranking Marine who had no important information to offer the KGB. He was also clearly disturbed and somewhat of a loose-cannon. If that is true, why would the KGB have recruited him?
Pacepa: That was Soviet dezinformatsyia—disseminated by my DIE as well, at KGB behest. The truth is quite different. Here is one example. As a radar operator at Atsugi Air Base in Japan, Oswald knew the flight altitude of the CIA’s super-secret U-2 spy planes flying over the Soviet Union from that base. In 1959, when I was chief of Romania’s intelligence station in West Germany, a Soviet requirement sent to me asked for “everything, including rumors,” about the flight altitude of the U-2 planes. The Soviet Defense Ministry knew that U-2 planes had flown over the Soviet Union several times, but its Air Defense Command had not been able to track them because the Soviet radars of those days did not reach ultra-high altitudes.
Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 pilot whom the Soviets shot down on May 1, 1960, believed that the Soviets were able to get him because Oswald had provided them with the altitude of his flight. According to Powers’ statement, Oswald had access “not only to radar and radio codes but also to the new MPS-16 height-finding radar gear” and the height at which the U-2 flew, which was one of the most highly classified secrets.[11]
It seems that Oswald, who defected to the Soviet Union in 1959, was one of the people in the audience attending Powers’s spectacular trial in Moscow. On February 15, 1962, Oswald wrote to his brother Robert: “I heard over the voice of America that they released Powers the U2 spy plane fellow. That’s big news where you are I suppose. He seemed to be a nice, bright american-type fellow, when I saw him in Moscow.”[12]
It would have been normal procedure for the KGB to take Oswald to observe the Powers trial as one of the rewards given him for having enabled the Soviet Union to shoot down the U-2.
FP: Yuri Nosenko, a KGB officer who defected to the U.S. in 1964, told assassination researcher Gerald Posner: “I am surprised that such a big deal is made of the fact that [Oswald] was a Marine. What was he in the Marine Corps—a major, a captain, a colonel?”[13] How do you explain Nosenko’s statement?
Pacepa: I know for a fact that Nosenko was a bona fide defector. But he belonged to a KGB domestic department and knew nothing about PGU foreign sources—just as a middle level FBI agent would know nothing about CIA sources abroad.
Recruiting low-ranking American servicemen was one of the PGU’s highest priorities in those days. Hunting for a “serzhant” was my top priority during the three years (1957-59) I was assigned as rezident in West Germany, and it was still a top priority in 1978, when I broke with Communism. Of course the PGU would have liked to recruit American colonels, but they were difficult to approach, whereas low-ranking officers were more accessible and could provide excellent information if given the right guidance.
Sergeant Robert Lee Johnson is a good example. In the 1950s he was stationed abroad where, like Oswald, he became infatuated with communism. In 1953 Johnson surreptitiously entered a Soviet military unit in East Berlin, where he asked—as Oswald evidently did—to be granted political asylum in the “workers’ paradise.” Once there, Johnson was recruited by the PGU and persuaded to return temporarily to the U.S. to carry out a “historic task” before starting his new life in the Soviet Union—as was the case with Oswald. Eventually, Sgt. Johnson was secretly awarded the rank of Red Army major and received written congratulations from Khrushchev himself.[14]
According to PGU Col. Vitaly Yurchenko, who defected to the CIA in 1985 and soon redefected, U.S. Chief Warrant Officer John Anthony Walker—another “serzhant”—was the greatest agent in PGU history, “surpassing in importance even the Soviet theft of the Anglo-American blueprints for the first atomic bomb.” John F. Lehman, who was the U.S. secretary of the Navy when Walker was arrested, agreed.[15]
FP: In 1962, when Oswald returned from the Soviet Union, he brought with him a 13-page document entitled “Historic Diary.” Why was it called that?
Pacepa: “Historic” was a PGU slogan at the time. The term was introduced by General Aleksandr Sakharovsky, a former Soviet chief adviser to Romania’s Securitate who rose to head the PGU for an unprecedented fourteen years. “Historic” was his favorite expression. The Securitate had the “historic task” to weed out the bourgeoisie from the Romanian soil, as he constantly preached at us. The “historic duty” of the PGU was to dig the grave of the international bourgeoisie. Dogonyat i peregonyat was our “monumentalnaya, historic task,” he told us right after Khrushchev had launched that famous slogan of his about catching up with the West and overtaking it in the space of ten years.
Personal diaries were also Sakharovsky’s invention. All our illegal officers and agents sent to the West under a fictitious biography had to take along some kind of written memory aid, so that they could remember exactly where they had supposedly been when, and what they had done in various periods of their alleged lives. Up to the end of the 1950s, these notes had been taken abroad in the form of microdots or on soft film concealed in some everyday object, but of course they presented the potential risk of becoming incriminating evidence if ever found. In January 1959 Sakharovsky ordered all Soviet bloc foreign intelligence services to conceal those biographies in the form of diaries, drafts of books, personal letters or autobiographical notes. These notes were drafted by disinformation specialists, copied out by hand by the illegal or intelligence agent concerned, usually just before leaving for the West, and then carried across the border openly.
A microscopic examination of Oswald’s “Historic Diary” did indeed show that “it was written in one or two sessions.”[16] It was also copied out in great haste, as suggested by the many spelling inaccuracies.
FP: Your book takes an intriguing twist in the way it tells the plot. In the end, you find that the evidence suggests that Oswald lost PGU (Soviet Foreign Intelleigence) support, and that he went alone to kill President Kennedy. This is a bit of an eye-brow raiser. Tell us what you know and explain your interpretation please.
Pacepa: In October 1962, the West German Supreme Court mounted a public trial of Bogdan Stashinsky, a Soviet intelligence defector who had been decorated by Khrushchev for having assassinated enemies of the Soviet Union living in the West. This trial revealed Khrushchev to the world as a callous political butcher. By 1963 the once flamboyant Soviet dictator was already a crippled ruler gasping for air. The slightest whiff of any Soviet involvement in the assassination of the American president could have been fatal to Khrushchev. Thus, the KGB—as did my DIE—canceled all operations aimed at assassinating enemies in the West.
The PGU unsuccessfully tried to deprogram Oswald. The available documents show that, to prove to the PGU that he was capable of securely carrying out the assigned assassination, Oswald conducted a dry run by shooting at—although narrowly missing—American general Edwin Walker. Oswald put together a package, complete with photographs, showing how he had planned this operation, and then he took this material to Mexico City to show “Comrade Kostin,” his case officer, what he could do. Even though he had pulled off the Walker assassination attempt without being identified as the perpetrator, Moscow remained adamant.
The stubborn Oswald was devastated, but in the end he went ahead on his own, utterly convinced he was fulfilling his “historic” task. He was just 24 years old, and he had done his best to obtain weapons in an inconspicuous way and to fabricate identity documents, using the tradecraft the KGB had taught him. Up until the very end he also followed the emergency instructions he had originally been given by the KGB—admit nothing and ask for a lawyer.
Since Oswald already knew too much about the original plan, however, Moscow arranged for him to be silenced forever, if he should go on to commit the unthinkable. That was another Soviet pattern. Seven chiefs of the Soviet political police itself were secretly or openly assassinated to prevent them from incriminating the Kremlin. Some were poisoned (Vyacheslav Menzhinsky in 1934), other were executed as Western spies (Genrikh Yagoda in 1938, Nikolay Yezhov in 1939, Lavrenty Beriya and Vsevolod Merkulov in 1953, and Viktor Abakumov in 1954).
Furthermore, immediately upon news of Kennedy’s assassination Moscow launched Operation “Dragon,” a disinformation effort in which my service was deeply involved. The aim—which has succeeded only too well—was to throw the blame on various elements in the United States for killing their own president.
FP: A first review of Programmed to Kill, by Publishers Weekly, states that your book is based on old intelligence anecdotes and offers no convincing Soviet motives for the assassination. What do you have to say to that?
Pacepa: On January 3, 1988, The New York Times published a similar review of my first book, Red Horizons, stating that it contained only “squalid anecdotes” about Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu. But two years later Ceausescu was executed at the end of a trial whose accusations came almost word-for-word out of Red Horizons—which is still in print.
FP: So wasn’t all of this – if it is true—a bit crazy for Khrushchev to have risked? It could have caused a world war, no?
Pacepa: Khrushchev, who was my de facto boss for nine years, was irrational. Today, people remember him as a down-to-earth peasant who corrected the evils of Stalin. The Khrushchev I knew was bloody, brash and extroverted, and he tended to destroy every project once he got his hands on it. Khrushchev’s irrationality made him the most controversial and unpredictable Soviet leader. He unmasked Stalin's crimes, but he made political assassination a main instrument of his own foreign policy. He authored a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, but he ended up by pushing the world to the brink of nuclear war. He concluded the first agreement for the control of nuclear arms, but he tried to secure Fidel Castro's position at the helm of Cuba with the help of nuclear arms. He repaired Moscow's relations with Yugoslavia's Tito, but he broke those with Beijing and thereby destroyed the unity of the Communist world. On September 11, 1971 Khrushchev died in ignominy, as a non-person, although not before seeing his memoirs published in the West giving his own version of history.
FP: Lt. Gen Ion Mihai Pacepa, thank you kindly for joining Frontpage Interview. Aside from the new revelations and important facts and questions you have brought to the forefront about the Kennedy assassination, your book serves as yet another reminder of the evil nature of the KGB and the truly dark and sinister entity that we faced in the Soviet regime.
Thank you for your fight for the truth and for historical memory.
It was an honor to speak with you again.
Pacepa: I greatly appreciate your courage in being willing to debate this controversial subject.
Notes:
[1] Cristopher Andrew and Vasily Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York, Perseus Books Group, 1999), p. 229.
[2] Oleg Nechiporenko, Passport to Assassination: the Never-Before-Told Story of Lee Harvy Oswald by the KGB Colonel who knew him (New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1993).
[3] Washington Post Magazine, April 23, 1995.
[4] Warren Commission Exhibit 2486.
[5] Testimony of Ruth Hyde Paine, Warren Commission Vol. 3, pp. 12-13.
[6] Warren Commission Exhibit 1400.
[7] Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Marina and Lee (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), p. 496.
[8] Edward Jay Epstein, Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald (New York: Reader’s Digest Press), p. 16.
[9] Dirección General de Inteligencia
[10] Epstein, Legend, p. 89.
[11] Francis Gary Powers, with Curt Gentry, Operation Overflight: The U-2 spy pilot tells his story for the first time (New York: Holt, Rinehart, 1970), p. 357.
[12] Warren Commission Exhibit 315.
[13] Gerald Posner, Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 49.
[14] Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story Of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 462.
[15] John Barron, Breaking the Ring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), pp. 148, 212.
[16] Epstein, Legend, pp. 109, 298n.
Thursday, July 10, 2008
Wednesday, July 9, 2008
9/11 A Legal Holiday?
This is an excellent idea......and to have come from a teenager....just think!!!!!!!! An idea from the son of a 9/11 firefighter... So before you delete this, just remember that this is a 14 year-old boy who lost his father on September 11th. All you're asked to do is type, point and click. He's got a really great idea, keep reading.
Hello, I lost my Dad on September 11th; he was Chief Edward Geraghty, Battalion 9, New York City Fire Department. He lost his life with many other heroes that day, victims of the terrorists. Firefighters from all over have come to the aid and rescue of the tragedy in New York and Washington , D.C. Many firefighters lost their lives to save someone else's. The truth of the matter is, they do this every single day. They truly are heroes. I know many people feel helpless, especially those who live far from NYC and D.C. We all want to do something to show our appreciation, our support! I think we can... In honor of the bravery, courage and determination of American firefighters, there should be a day in our nation to celebrate and appreciate their hard-work and never-ending passion for saving lives. I think we should honor all those other heroes who still live today.
I'm starting a petition for a National Firefighters Day. Will you help make every September 11th 'National Firefighters Day'?
Please join me! Thank you, Connor Geraghty, age 14, Rockville Centre , New York . (I Love U, DAD!!)
PS: When this list reaches 500 names, please send it back to me At ceg8587@aol.com
Instructions: To add your name, click forward, add your name at the bottom of the list. Send it to all you know. OR...COPY AND PASTE INTO A NEW MAIL...ADD YOUR NAME.
1. Becky Kondi - Bethel , VT
2. David Kondi - Bethel , VT
3. Woody Kaplan - Rochester , VT (former volunteer fireman)
4. Kim Flynn- Atlanta GA
5. David Ficalore - Atlanta GA
6. Lee Phillips - Atlanta , GA
7. Richard Cychosz - Roswell , GA
8. Dav e Raffa- Pecan Plantation Fire Chief-Granbury , Texas
9. Larry Ingram- Cresson Fire Chief-Cresson Texas
10. Pat Dishman - San Angelo , TX 11. Lyn CmEwen - Midland , TX
12. Pam Williams, Midland , TX
13. Jennifer Stickland, Odessa , TX 14. Dennis J. Lorance,New Brau fels, TX
15. Terry J. Lorance, New Brau fels, TX
16. Judith M. Charitiansen, New Braunfels , TX
17. Derek L. Christiansen, New Braunfels , TX
18. Ryan Do naldson - Addison , IL 20. Michael Cloud - Elk Grove Village , IL >
21. Amanda J. Wiszus Palatine, IL > 22. Michelle (Mitzi) Buttner Palatine , IL >
23. Jim Yonan - Palatine , IL I Like The Idea
24. Diane Uza, Palatine , IL
25. Coleen Dick, Bristol , WI
26. Terry Dick, Bristol , Wi
27. Ruth Dick, Bristol , WI
28. Kathy Mullen, Salem WI
29. Sharon Sloan , IL
30. Diana Marshall, Winnebago IL
31. Walt Quick Winnegago, ll
32. Suae Perry Rockford , ll
33. Joan Kasbeer - Chandler , AZ
34. Lucille Michard - Winnebago IL
35. Bill Hoyt - Winnebago, IL
36. Galy Yokes, Tacoma , WA
37. Mari Elbe , Sussex , WI
38. Megan Elbe - Milwaukee , WI
39. Kay Dickmann - Sheboygan , WI 40. Andrea Forster - Lathrup Village , MI
41. Ann Louise Fish - La Grange , Park, IL
42. Gail Bressner - La Grange , ll
43. Bette Peterson - Aitkin , MN
44. Mauves Ostrich - McGrath , MN 45. Midge Wilson, McGregor , MN
46. Joe Wilson , McGregor , MN
47. Stacey Schneider, Akeley , M N 48. Muriel Weibel , MN .
49. Harold Weibel , MN .
50. Cheryl Schiller,Mn.
51. Kevin Schiller , MN .
52. DJ Schiller. MN.
53. KC. Schiller, MN.
54. Kristine Schiller , MN .
55. Jayden Swanson , MN .
56. Josh Chytracek , MN .
57. Melissa Torgerson , MN ..
58. Alex Torgerson , MN .
59. Austin Chytracek , MN .
60. Adam Chytracek , MN .
61. Jacob Chytracek , MN .
62. Devon Chytracek , MN
63. Pat Chytracek , MN .
64. Barbee Hovelson , SD
65. Bruce Hovelson , SD
66. Aaron Hovelson , SD
67. Adam Hovelson , SD
68. Aric Hovelson , SD
69. Andree Hovelson , SD
70. Dave Spaulding , SD
71. Missy Sagmoe , SD
72. Ashley Severson , SD
73. Bobby Anderson , SD
74. Tonya Kabris , SD
75. Mitch Kabris , SD
76. Doug Sorensen , SD
77. Diane Sorensen , SD
78. Kayla Lucas , SD
79. Sandy Lucas , MT
80. David Lucas , MT
81. Shannon Crawford , SD
82. Adam Walker , SD
83. Melanie Johnson , SD
84. Darren Johnson , SD
85. Bob Syrstad , SD
86. Jeremy Rave , SD
87. Brock Spurrell , SD
88. TJ Schmidt , SD
89. Ca rrie Clites , SD
90. Nicole Resmen , SD
91. Vera Sullivan , NC
92. Jo King , NC
93. Bill King , NC
94. Mike Lightner , FLA
95. Beth Lightner , FLA
96. Melanie Lightner , FLA
97. Marc Cohen , Fla
98. Barbara Cohen , Fla
99. Karen Fitzpatrick , NY
100. Kathy Grossmann , NY
101. Michelle Connaghan , FL native NY'er
102. Kristine Riley , Florida (also born in NY)
103. Denise Wahlers, Naples , FL 104. Clara Alfonso, Lake Mary , FL 105. Robert Alfonso, Lake Mary , FL 106. Jennifer Wenke, Cape Coral , FL 107. Edward Wenke, Groton , CT 108. Diane Albergo, Long Beach , NY 109. Bobby Silver Las Vegas , NV.
110. GloriaPalazzo Chapala , Mexico
111. Pearl Dreicer,S.J. Cosala, Mx
114. Eunice Edelman, Windham , CT
115. Betty Yokota, Flanders , NY
116. Joanne Hayes, Peekskill , NY
117. Catherine Burchetta , FL (Born in N.Y.)
118. Ed M Burchetta Jr., FL (Born in N.Y.)
119. DeeDee Darveau
120. Dan D arveau
121 Cyndi Neley
122 David Neeley
123 Chandra Halloran
124 Daniel Halloran
125 Hunter Halloran
126 Logan Halloran
127 Lynn Dillon, Port Angeles WA
128 Deborah Leonard Port Angeles , WA
129 Charles K. Leonard
130 Kathy Wiegand, Spencer , IN
131 John Wiegand, Spencer , IN
132 Mercy Edwards, Bloomington , IN
133 Kelly Padgett , Bloomfield , IN
134 Jeff Padgett, Bloomfield , IN
135 Tina Baumgartner, Houston , TX
136. Thomas Hoyt, Fort Worth , TX
137.Keely Hoyt, Fort Worth , TX
138. Connie Garner, Fort Worth , TX
139. Robin Garner, Fort Worth , TX
140. Christopher Christian, Fort Worth , TX
141. James Garner , Fort Worth , TX 142. Cathy Powell-Fane, Fort Worth , TX
143. Travis K. Powell, Fort Wort h , TX
144. Ed Fane, Fort Worth , TX
145. Nick Powel l, Fort Worth , TX 146. Erica Fane, Vincennes , IN
147. Jessica Yates, Lubbock , TX 148. Jennifer Powell, Fort Worth , TX 149. Lacey Ward, Fort Worth , Tx 150. Randall Ward, Fort Worth , Tx 151. Rob Ward, Alvord , T x .
152. MINDY WHITE, BRIDGEPORT , TX
153. K.A.HERTEL, HAMLIN , TX
154. Charleen L'Hommedieu, O'Fallon, IL
155. Connie M. Garner
156. Elizabeth White, Memphis , TN
157. DANA H. DRIVER, MEMPHIS , TN
158. PHILIP A. DRIVER, MEMPHIS , TN
159. FAITH P. WALLACE, Memphis , TN
160. Michelle Glass, Memphis , TN
161. Charlyn Wilson, Memphis , TN
162. Andrea Gallimore, Memphis , TN
163. Anna M. Landrum, Madiso n ,
164. Christina Gregg, Terry , MS
165. Sherry Gullett, Cordova , TN
166. Mike Gullett, Cordova , TN
167. Abigail Kohler, Madisonville ,
168. Jim Kohler, Madisonville , La.
169. Kevin Payne, Fulton, Ms.
170. Emily Mabus, Fulton, Ms.
171. Ann Nichols, Fulton, Ms.
172. Wayne Pinkerton, Saltillo , MS
173. Christel Pinkerton, Saltillo , MS
174. Charles E. Moore, Tupe lo , MS
175. Azalia S. Moore, Tupelo , MS
176. Morgan Francis, Huntsville , AL
177. Jennifer Wall, Middletown , CA
178. Nita Schott, Rohnert Park , CA
179. Joan Andrews, Napa , CA
180. Dee Dee Lacy, Elk Grove , CA
181. Katrina Osborn, Tulalip , Wa
182. Aiden Gardner, Tulalip , Wa
183. Shawna Cline, Puyallup WA
184. Shannon Holt , Wa
185. Dorothy , WA
186. Drew , WA
187. Deborah Mumma, Killeen Texas
190. Malaika Knight, Fort Benn ing , GA
191. Nathan Knight, Fort Benning , GA
192. Robert McMillin, Fort Benning , GA
193. Michael Clark, Fort Benning , GA
194. Bobbie Shumway
195. Sandra Owen
196. Linda Stearns
197. Lu Rollins, Mableton , GA
198. Nettie Ballew, Dallas , GA9/11
199. Abril Montano, Fairburn , GA
200. Joan Wallace, Fairburn , Ga.
201. Michelle Phillips
202. Melody Mindler
203. Chris Mindler
204. John Wallace
205. Pam Patrie
206. David Patrie
207. Mark Cornett
208. Sandra Cornett
209. Denise Davis
210. Robert Davis
211. Ann Carroll
212. Angie Carro ll
213. Darren Carroll
214. Tammy Shaddix
215. Earl Shaddix
216. Casey Shaddix
217. Shelby Correia
218. Ellen Brothers
219. Judy Crocker, Snellville , GA
220. Melanie Milledge
221. John Milledge
222. Brenda Moore-Odessa MO
223. Janet Dunmire - Fulton , M O
224. Trish Lackey - Odessa , MO
225. Jim Gladbach Mo.
226. Evelyn Gladbach Mo..
227. DONY GLADBACH BEVIER , MO.
228. SUE GLADBACH BEVIER , MO.
229. Mike Miller, Firefighter, Bevier #12
230. Shelmadine , Bevier
231. Eileen Abecassis, Alexandria , VA 232. Liz Symionow. Herndon , VA 233. Jim Symionow, Herndon VA
231. Jane Smionow, Alexandria , VA 232. Hope Jenkins, Woodbridge , VA 233. Darian Wood, Woodbridge , VA 234. Cameron Hunt, Woodbridge , VA 235. Stephen E. Bush, Winchester , VA
236. Berth a O.. Bush, Winchester , VA
237. Samantha Bush, Scarborough , ME
238. Andrew Price Jr., Albuquerque , NM
239. Mary Ann Rhinehart, Albuquerque , NM
240. Cecilia Sene, Tucson , AZ
241. Martha Miller , Surprise, AZ
242. Olivia Inclan-Moreno Phx , Az 243. Edward Anthony Moreno Jr. Phx, Az
244. Stefhanie Marie Moreno Phx , Az 245. Capone Anthony Moreno Phx , Az
246. Hillarie Marie Moreno Phx , Az 247. Olivia Navarro
248. Ignacio Navarro
249. Hilda Navarro
250. Ray Inclan
251.Tony Palomino
252. Guadalupe Rodriguez Phx , AZ 253. Viviana Cervantes Phx , AZ
253. Vanessa Cervantes Phoenix, AZ 254. Lizette Cervantes Phx , AZ
255. Kathy Sturdee
256. Mitch Sturdee
257. Kim Moffitt
258. Scott Moffitt
259. Lisa Rotonde
260. Ross Rotonde
261. Suellen Witkop Fairport NY
262. William Witkop Fairport NY
263. MaryBeth Witkop , NY
264. Danielle McCauley , NJ
265. Diane DeBenedictis , NJ
266. Nancy Peralta , NJ < BR>
267. Linda Miller NJ
268. M. B. Candelmo NJ
269. Ronni Read, FL, used to be NJ 270. Ron Read, FL
271. LeRoy Sofield, Bridgewater , NJ 272. Monika Sofield ' '
273. Debbie & Jim Transue Bridgewater , NJ
274. Donna & Bruce Taggart, Raritan , NJ
275. Ann Del Rocco, Raritan , NJ
276. Jennifer Olivero , Bridgewater NJ 277. Joseph Olivero, Bridgewater , NJ 278, Salvatore Lenzi Jr. Belleville NJ 279.Tony Carusone Clark NJ 280.Regina Calvin.father was a NYC fire captain.
281. Natalie Boudreau
282. Michele Carmen
283 Linda Puleo, NY
284. Betty Koller, NY
285. Coni Lorenzen , NY
286. Laura Guerra, NY
287.Carol Petitpain Ny
288.Robert Petitpain NYC Firefighter 299/144
289. Vanessa Hill , NY
290. Jason Hill , NY
291. Deanna Deprizio , NY
293. Greg Chero
294. Laura Spatola NY
295. Melanie Whiting , Md
296.Mike Kramer MD
297.Missy Ritterr , Md
298. John Stirk , NY
299. Page Makowski , NY
300. Jerome Makowski , NY
301. Paula Page , NY
302. Yvonne Sippel , IN
303. Gaye Hayakawa , CA
304. Suzanne Matheson, Santa Monica , CA
305. Skip Rawstron, Sacramento , CA 306. Rocco J. Avellini, NV
307. Sharon F. Graziano, NV
308. Jessica Perdichizzi , NV (Formerly NY)
309. Jacqueline Becker , FL (formerly NY)
310. Lisa M. Becker (NY)
311. Ralph Mercante (NY)
312. Vincenza Raisley
313. John Francis Raisley
314. Michele Foreback
315. Joanna Wallrabe
316. Cathy Scaramuzzino
317. Jodi Fishbein
318. Danielle Gauvard
319. Danielle Kirk , NY
320. Joseph Pitino (NY)
321. Nikki GIovacco
322.Joseph Frangella
323.Ralph GIovacco
324.Marion Billotto
325.Amanda Tramontana
326. Jessica Contrada (NY) 327.Heather Mulia(NY)
328. Mary Beth Mulia
329. kim dechirico (mother) - Ny
330.. kim dechirico (daughter) - Ny 331. Cathy Mongelli
332. Theresa Murray IL , (Born Brooklyn N.Y. )
333 Tom Murray , IL
334 Timothy Morgenegg
335 Dianne Morgenegg
336 Anne Delio Queens NY
337 Judy McCrodden, NY
338 Amy Simone
339 Giovanni Quiles , NY
340.. Prudence Paul , NY
341. Karen Bartlett, CT
342. Donna Maselli, CT
343. Carol Cody, CT
344. Jackie Williams, CT
345. Karen Barnett, CT
346. Pamela Giordano, CT
347. Nicholas Giordano, CT
348. Lorraine Onofrio
349. Sarah Grant CT
350. Nina Fusco CT
351. Gina Routzounis, CT
352. Joseph Rydzy, CT
353. Mary Mitchell, CT
354. Ron Mitchell, Jr., CT
355. Susan Stankye, CT
356 Betty Wynne Ct
357. Dennis Pannella, Sr., CT
358. Marianne Cosgrove, CT
359. David Van Ess, CT
360. Jovie Obiano-Arcano, CT (Hometown: Honolulu, HI)
361. May Domingo, NV
362. Madelyn Carnate-Peralta, Las Vegas, NV
363. Elsa Peña, Las Vegas, NV
364. Sandra DeMonch, Key West, FL 365. Helen P. Lemelin
366. Jean R. Lemelin
367. Pam McPherson, Las Cruces, NM
368. Gary McPherson, Las Cruces, NM
369. Gwynne Clear, Albuquerque, NM 370. Bruce Clear, Albuquerque, NM 371. Kerry Clear, Albuquerque, NM 372. Kym Halliday Albuquerque, NM 373. Kristi Rivers, MN
374. Laura Martin, Rio Rancho, NM
375 Omar Djojo di Ningrat Albuquerque, NM
376. Pedro Antonio Tuñon
377. Wayne Jackson, Santa Fe, NM 378. Maria Steele, Los Angeles, CA
379. Teri Contreras, Bellflower, CA
380. Jaime Lugo, Los Angeles, CA
381. Lisa Ponce, CA
382. Josie Fonseca, Los Angeles, CA
382 Alicia Martinez, Ventura, CA
383 Maria Vaca ,Ventura ,Ca
384 Johnny Vaca,Ventura,Ca
385 Rady Doria, CA
386 Divine Doria, CA
387 Terri Tozier, Ventura CA
388 Clara Henry, Ventura CA
389 Kitty Turnbull, Simi Valley, CA
390 Patrick Callahan, Thousand Oaks, CA
391 Nuvia Callahan, Thousand Oaks, CA
392 Michelle Stevens, Littlerock, CA
393 Veronica Salas, Burbank, Ca
394 Monica Arguello Westlake, CA
395 Sonia Ayala, Valencia, CA
396. Abby Garcia, Palmdale, CA
397. Ivan Valenzuela, Palmdale, CA
398. Melanie Briceno, Simi Valley, CA
399. Frank De La Parra, Valencia, CA
400. Mary Taferner, Canyon Country, CA
401. Hal Manskar San Clemente, Ca.
402 Vince DeSantis,Oro Valley, AZ
403. tom yoder nj
404. Mike Zaleski, Cedarbrook, NJ
405. Jim Kanz, Atco, N.J.
406. Debbie Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
407. Frank Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
408. Kaitlin Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
409. Catherine Kanz, Lindenwold, NJ
410. Carol Kanz, Berlin, NJ
411. Thomas Kanz, Berlin, NJ
412. Brenda Buzby, NJ
413 Gary Buzby, NJ
414. Nicole Buzby, NJ
415 Alfonsina Rosinsky, Richmond Hill, NY
416 Juno Talusan, Ozone Park NY
417 Sabrina Rivera, Ozone Park NY
--
Peace & Love,
Sabrina A. Rivera
Treasurer - Founder
www.WeAreChange.org
"Killing for peace is like f***ing for virginity."
Hello, I lost my Dad on September 11th; he was Chief Edward Geraghty, Battalion 9, New York City Fire Department. He lost his life with many other heroes that day, victims of the terrorists. Firefighters from all over have come to the aid and rescue of the tragedy in New York and Washington , D.C. Many firefighters lost their lives to save someone else's. The truth of the matter is, they do this every single day. They truly are heroes. I know many people feel helpless, especially those who live far from NYC and D.C. We all want to do something to show our appreciation, our support! I think we can... In honor of the bravery, courage and determination of American firefighters, there should be a day in our nation to celebrate and appreciate their hard-work and never-ending passion for saving lives. I think we should honor all those other heroes who still live today.
I'm starting a petition for a National Firefighters Day. Will you help make every September 11th 'National Firefighters Day'?
Please join me! Thank you, Connor Geraghty, age 14, Rockville Centre , New York . (I Love U, DAD!!)
PS: When this list reaches 500 names, please send it back to me At ceg8587@aol.com
Instructions: To add your name, click forward, add your name at the bottom of the list. Send it to all you know. OR...COPY AND PASTE INTO A NEW MAIL...ADD YOUR NAME.
1. Becky Kondi - Bethel , VT
2. David Kondi - Bethel , VT
3. Woody Kaplan - Rochester , VT (former volunteer fireman)
4. Kim Flynn- Atlanta GA
5. David Ficalore - Atlanta GA
6. Lee Phillips - Atlanta , GA
7. Richard Cychosz - Roswell , GA
8. Dav e Raffa- Pecan Plantation Fire Chief-Granbury , Texas
9. Larry Ingram- Cresson Fire Chief-Cresson Texas
10. Pat Dishman - San Angelo , TX 11. Lyn CmEwen - Midland , TX
12. Pam Williams, Midland , TX
13. Jennifer Stickland, Odessa , TX 14. Dennis J. Lorance,New Brau fels, TX
15. Terry J. Lorance, New Brau fels, TX
16. Judith M. Charitiansen, New Braunfels , TX
17. Derek L. Christiansen, New Braunfels , TX
18. Ryan Do naldson - Addison , IL 20. Michael Cloud - Elk Grove Village , IL >
21. Amanda J. Wiszus Palatine, IL > 22. Michelle (Mitzi) Buttner Palatine , IL >
23. Jim Yonan - Palatine , IL I Like The Idea
24. Diane Uza, Palatine , IL
25. Coleen Dick, Bristol , WI
26. Terry Dick, Bristol , Wi
27. Ruth Dick, Bristol , WI
28. Kathy Mullen, Salem WI
29. Sharon Sloan , IL
30. Diana Marshall, Winnebago IL
31. Walt Quick Winnegago, ll
32. Suae Perry Rockford , ll
33. Joan Kasbeer - Chandler , AZ
34. Lucille Michard - Winnebago IL
35. Bill Hoyt - Winnebago, IL
36. Galy Yokes, Tacoma , WA
37. Mari Elbe , Sussex , WI
38. Megan Elbe - Milwaukee , WI
39. Kay Dickmann - Sheboygan , WI 40. Andrea Forster - Lathrup Village , MI
41. Ann Louise Fish - La Grange , Park, IL
42. Gail Bressner - La Grange , ll
43. Bette Peterson - Aitkin , MN
44. Mauves Ostrich - McGrath , MN 45. Midge Wilson, McGregor , MN
46. Joe Wilson , McGregor , MN
47. Stacey Schneider, Akeley , M N 48. Muriel Weibel , MN .
49. Harold Weibel , MN .
50. Cheryl Schiller,Mn.
51. Kevin Schiller , MN .
52. DJ Schiller. MN.
53. KC. Schiller, MN.
54. Kristine Schiller , MN .
55. Jayden Swanson , MN .
56. Josh Chytracek , MN .
57. Melissa Torgerson , MN ..
58. Alex Torgerson , MN .
59. Austin Chytracek , MN .
60. Adam Chytracek , MN .
61. Jacob Chytracek , MN .
62. Devon Chytracek , MN
63. Pat Chytracek , MN .
64. Barbee Hovelson , SD
65. Bruce Hovelson , SD
66. Aaron Hovelson , SD
67. Adam Hovelson , SD
68. Aric Hovelson , SD
69. Andree Hovelson , SD
70. Dave Spaulding , SD
71. Missy Sagmoe , SD
72. Ashley Severson , SD
73. Bobby Anderson , SD
74. Tonya Kabris , SD
75. Mitch Kabris , SD
76. Doug Sorensen , SD
77. Diane Sorensen , SD
78. Kayla Lucas , SD
79. Sandy Lucas , MT
80. David Lucas , MT
81. Shannon Crawford , SD
82. Adam Walker , SD
83. Melanie Johnson , SD
84. Darren Johnson , SD
85. Bob Syrstad , SD
86. Jeremy Rave , SD
87. Brock Spurrell , SD
88. TJ Schmidt , SD
89. Ca rrie Clites , SD
90. Nicole Resmen , SD
91. Vera Sullivan , NC
92. Jo King , NC
93. Bill King , NC
94. Mike Lightner , FLA
95. Beth Lightner , FLA
96. Melanie Lightner , FLA
97. Marc Cohen , Fla
98. Barbara Cohen , Fla
99. Karen Fitzpatrick , NY
100. Kathy Grossmann , NY
101. Michelle Connaghan , FL native NY'er
102. Kristine Riley , Florida (also born in NY)
103. Denise Wahlers, Naples , FL 104. Clara Alfonso, Lake Mary , FL 105. Robert Alfonso, Lake Mary , FL 106. Jennifer Wenke, Cape Coral , FL 107. Edward Wenke, Groton , CT 108. Diane Albergo, Long Beach , NY 109. Bobby Silver Las Vegas , NV.
110. GloriaPalazzo Chapala , Mexico
111. Pearl Dreicer,S.J. Cosala, Mx
114. Eunice Edelman, Windham , CT
115. Betty Yokota, Flanders , NY
116. Joanne Hayes, Peekskill , NY
117. Catherine Burchetta , FL (Born in N.Y.)
118. Ed M Burchetta Jr., FL (Born in N.Y.)
119. DeeDee Darveau
120. Dan D arveau
121 Cyndi Neley
122 David Neeley
123 Chandra Halloran
124 Daniel Halloran
125 Hunter Halloran
126 Logan Halloran
127 Lynn Dillon, Port Angeles WA
128 Deborah Leonard Port Angeles , WA
129 Charles K. Leonard
130 Kathy Wiegand, Spencer , IN
131 John Wiegand, Spencer , IN
132 Mercy Edwards, Bloomington , IN
133 Kelly Padgett , Bloomfield , IN
134 Jeff Padgett, Bloomfield , IN
135 Tina Baumgartner, Houston , TX
136. Thomas Hoyt, Fort Worth , TX
137.Keely Hoyt, Fort Worth , TX
138. Connie Garner, Fort Worth , TX
139. Robin Garner, Fort Worth , TX
140. Christopher Christian, Fort Worth , TX
141. James Garner , Fort Worth , TX 142. Cathy Powell-Fane, Fort Worth , TX
143. Travis K. Powell, Fort Wort h , TX
144. Ed Fane, Fort Worth , TX
145. Nick Powel l, Fort Worth , TX 146. Erica Fane, Vincennes , IN
147. Jessica Yates, Lubbock , TX 148. Jennifer Powell, Fort Worth , TX 149. Lacey Ward, Fort Worth , Tx 150. Randall Ward, Fort Worth , Tx 151. Rob Ward, Alvord , T x .
152. MINDY WHITE, BRIDGEPORT , TX
153. K.A.HERTEL, HAMLIN , TX
154. Charleen L'Hommedieu, O'Fallon, IL
155. Connie M. Garner
156. Elizabeth White, Memphis , TN
157. DANA H. DRIVER, MEMPHIS , TN
158. PHILIP A. DRIVER, MEMPHIS , TN
159. FAITH P. WALLACE, Memphis , TN
160. Michelle Glass, Memphis , TN
161. Charlyn Wilson, Memphis , TN
162. Andrea Gallimore, Memphis , TN
163. Anna M. Landrum, Madiso n ,
164. Christina Gregg, Terry , MS
165. Sherry Gullett, Cordova , TN
166. Mike Gullett, Cordova , TN
167. Abigail Kohler, Madisonville ,
168. Jim Kohler, Madisonville , La.
169. Kevin Payne, Fulton, Ms.
170. Emily Mabus, Fulton, Ms.
171. Ann Nichols, Fulton, Ms.
172. Wayne Pinkerton, Saltillo , MS
173. Christel Pinkerton, Saltillo , MS
174. Charles E. Moore, Tupe lo , MS
175. Azalia S. Moore, Tupelo , MS
176. Morgan Francis, Huntsville , AL
177. Jennifer Wall, Middletown , CA
178. Nita Schott, Rohnert Park , CA
179. Joan Andrews, Napa , CA
180. Dee Dee Lacy, Elk Grove , CA
181. Katrina Osborn, Tulalip , Wa
182. Aiden Gardner, Tulalip , Wa
183. Shawna Cline, Puyallup WA
184. Shannon Holt , Wa
185. Dorothy , WA
186. Drew , WA
187. Deborah Mumma, Killeen Texas
190. Malaika Knight, Fort Benn ing , GA
191. Nathan Knight, Fort Benning , GA
192. Robert McMillin, Fort Benning , GA
193. Michael Clark, Fort Benning , GA
194. Bobbie Shumway
195. Sandra Owen
196. Linda Stearns
197. Lu Rollins, Mableton , GA
198. Nettie Ballew, Dallas , GA9/11
199. Abril Montano, Fairburn , GA
200. Joan Wallace, Fairburn , Ga.
201. Michelle Phillips
202. Melody Mindler
203. Chris Mindler
204. John Wallace
205. Pam Patrie
206. David Patrie
207. Mark Cornett
208. Sandra Cornett
209. Denise Davis
210. Robert Davis
211. Ann Carroll
212. Angie Carro ll
213. Darren Carroll
214. Tammy Shaddix
215. Earl Shaddix
216. Casey Shaddix
217. Shelby Correia
218. Ellen Brothers
219. Judy Crocker, Snellville , GA
220. Melanie Milledge
221. John Milledge
222. Brenda Moore-Odessa MO
223. Janet Dunmire - Fulton , M O
224. Trish Lackey - Odessa , MO
225. Jim Gladbach Mo.
226. Evelyn Gladbach Mo..
227. DONY GLADBACH BEVIER , MO.
228. SUE GLADBACH BEVIER , MO.
229. Mike Miller, Firefighter, Bevier #12
230. Shelmadine , Bevier
231. Eileen Abecassis, Alexandria , VA 232. Liz Symionow. Herndon , VA 233. Jim Symionow, Herndon VA
231. Jane Smionow, Alexandria , VA 232. Hope Jenkins, Woodbridge , VA 233. Darian Wood, Woodbridge , VA 234. Cameron Hunt, Woodbridge , VA 235. Stephen E. Bush, Winchester , VA
236. Berth a O.. Bush, Winchester , VA
237. Samantha Bush, Scarborough , ME
238. Andrew Price Jr., Albuquerque , NM
239. Mary Ann Rhinehart, Albuquerque , NM
240. Cecilia Sene, Tucson , AZ
241. Martha Miller , Surprise, AZ
242. Olivia Inclan-Moreno Phx , Az 243. Edward Anthony Moreno Jr. Phx, Az
244. Stefhanie Marie Moreno Phx , Az 245. Capone Anthony Moreno Phx , Az
246. Hillarie Marie Moreno Phx , Az 247. Olivia Navarro
248. Ignacio Navarro
249. Hilda Navarro
250. Ray Inclan
251.Tony Palomino
252. Guadalupe Rodriguez Phx , AZ 253. Viviana Cervantes Phx , AZ
253. Vanessa Cervantes Phoenix, AZ 254. Lizette Cervantes Phx , AZ
255. Kathy Sturdee
256. Mitch Sturdee
257. Kim Moffitt
258. Scott Moffitt
259. Lisa Rotonde
260. Ross Rotonde
261. Suellen Witkop Fairport NY
262. William Witkop Fairport NY
263. MaryBeth Witkop , NY
264. Danielle McCauley , NJ
265. Diane DeBenedictis , NJ
266. Nancy Peralta , NJ < BR>
267. Linda Miller NJ
268. M. B. Candelmo NJ
269. Ronni Read, FL, used to be NJ 270. Ron Read, FL
271. LeRoy Sofield, Bridgewater , NJ 272. Monika Sofield ' '
273. Debbie & Jim Transue Bridgewater , NJ
274. Donna & Bruce Taggart, Raritan , NJ
275. Ann Del Rocco, Raritan , NJ
276. Jennifer Olivero , Bridgewater NJ 277. Joseph Olivero, Bridgewater , NJ 278, Salvatore Lenzi Jr. Belleville NJ 279.Tony Carusone Clark NJ 280.Regina Calvin.father was a NYC fire captain.
281. Natalie Boudreau
282. Michele Carmen
283 Linda Puleo, NY
284. Betty Koller, NY
285. Coni Lorenzen , NY
286. Laura Guerra, NY
287.Carol Petitpain Ny
288.Robert Petitpain NYC Firefighter 299/144
289. Vanessa Hill , NY
290. Jason Hill , NY
291. Deanna Deprizio , NY
293. Greg Chero
294. Laura Spatola NY
295. Melanie Whiting , Md
296.Mike Kramer MD
297.Missy Ritterr , Md
298. John Stirk , NY
299. Page Makowski , NY
300. Jerome Makowski , NY
301. Paula Page , NY
302. Yvonne Sippel , IN
303. Gaye Hayakawa , CA
304. Suzanne Matheson, Santa Monica , CA
305. Skip Rawstron, Sacramento , CA 306. Rocco J. Avellini, NV
307. Sharon F. Graziano, NV
308. Jessica Perdichizzi , NV (Formerly NY)
309. Jacqueline Becker , FL (formerly NY)
310. Lisa M. Becker (NY)
311. Ralph Mercante (NY)
312. Vincenza Raisley
313. John Francis Raisley
314. Michele Foreback
315. Joanna Wallrabe
316. Cathy Scaramuzzino
317. Jodi Fishbein
318. Danielle Gauvard
319. Danielle Kirk , NY
320. Joseph Pitino (NY)
321. Nikki GIovacco
322.Joseph Frangella
323.Ralph GIovacco
324.Marion Billotto
325.Amanda Tramontana
326. Jessica Contrada (NY) 327.Heather Mulia(NY)
328. Mary Beth Mulia
329. kim dechirico (mother) - Ny
330.. kim dechirico (daughter) - Ny 331. Cathy Mongelli
332. Theresa Murray IL , (Born Brooklyn N.Y. )
333 Tom Murray , IL
334 Timothy Morgenegg
335 Dianne Morgenegg
336 Anne Delio Queens NY
337 Judy McCrodden, NY
338 Amy Simone
339 Giovanni Quiles , NY
340.. Prudence Paul , NY
341. Karen Bartlett, CT
342. Donna Maselli, CT
343. Carol Cody, CT
344. Jackie Williams, CT
345. Karen Barnett, CT
346. Pamela Giordano, CT
347. Nicholas Giordano, CT
348. Lorraine Onofrio
349. Sarah Grant CT
350. Nina Fusco CT
351. Gina Routzounis, CT
352. Joseph Rydzy, CT
353. Mary Mitchell, CT
354. Ron Mitchell, Jr., CT
355. Susan Stankye, CT
356 Betty Wynne Ct
357. Dennis Pannella, Sr., CT
358. Marianne Cosgrove, CT
359. David Van Ess, CT
360. Jovie Obiano-Arcano, CT (Hometown: Honolulu, HI)
361. May Domingo, NV
362. Madelyn Carnate-Peralta, Las Vegas, NV
363. Elsa Peña, Las Vegas, NV
364. Sandra DeMonch, Key West, FL 365. Helen P. Lemelin
366. Jean R. Lemelin
367. Pam McPherson, Las Cruces, NM
368. Gary McPherson, Las Cruces, NM
369. Gwynne Clear, Albuquerque, NM 370. Bruce Clear, Albuquerque, NM 371. Kerry Clear, Albuquerque, NM 372. Kym Halliday Albuquerque, NM 373. Kristi Rivers, MN
374. Laura Martin, Rio Rancho, NM
375 Omar Djojo di Ningrat Albuquerque, NM
376. Pedro Antonio Tuñon
377. Wayne Jackson, Santa Fe, NM 378. Maria Steele, Los Angeles, CA
379. Teri Contreras, Bellflower, CA
380. Jaime Lugo, Los Angeles, CA
381. Lisa Ponce, CA
382. Josie Fonseca, Los Angeles, CA
382 Alicia Martinez, Ventura, CA
383 Maria Vaca ,Ventura ,Ca
384 Johnny Vaca,Ventura,Ca
385 Rady Doria, CA
386 Divine Doria, CA
387 Terri Tozier, Ventura CA
388 Clara Henry, Ventura CA
389 Kitty Turnbull, Simi Valley, CA
390 Patrick Callahan, Thousand Oaks, CA
391 Nuvia Callahan, Thousand Oaks, CA
392 Michelle Stevens, Littlerock, CA
393 Veronica Salas, Burbank, Ca
394 Monica Arguello Westlake, CA
395 Sonia Ayala, Valencia, CA
396. Abby Garcia, Palmdale, CA
397. Ivan Valenzuela, Palmdale, CA
398. Melanie Briceno, Simi Valley, CA
399. Frank De La Parra, Valencia, CA
400. Mary Taferner, Canyon Country, CA
401. Hal Manskar San Clemente, Ca.
402 Vince DeSantis,Oro Valley, AZ
403. tom yoder nj
404. Mike Zaleski, Cedarbrook, NJ
405. Jim Kanz, Atco, N.J.
406. Debbie Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
407. Frank Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
408. Kaitlin Vencus, Cherry Hill, NJ
409. Catherine Kanz, Lindenwold, NJ
410. Carol Kanz, Berlin, NJ
411. Thomas Kanz, Berlin, NJ
412. Brenda Buzby, NJ
413 Gary Buzby, NJ
414. Nicole Buzby, NJ
415 Alfonsina Rosinsky, Richmond Hill, NY
416 Juno Talusan, Ozone Park NY
417 Sabrina Rivera, Ozone Park NY
--
Peace & Love,
Sabrina A. Rivera
Treasurer - Founder
www.WeAreChange.org
"Killing for peace is like f***ing for virginity."
Friday, July 4, 2008
‘The 9/11 Chronicles Part One: Truth Rising‘
Infoweapons Away! Truth Rising Is Live
PrisonPlanet.tv | July 3, 2008 3:30 PM CST
 |
Yes, ladies and gentlemen, in sneak attack fashion, we’ve launched Alex Jones’ latest film ‘The 9/11 Chronicles Part One: Truth Rising‘ early to strike a blow to the New World Order in time for the July 4th anniversary.
Just as America’s founding fathers did, we now seek to re-inspire a culture of liberty and independence. Truth Rising may be the perfect weapon to activate those who will resist tyranny– so make copies, burn DVDs and get it out to everyone!
Be the first to watch TRUTH RISING in high-quality, right now, at PrisonPlanet.tv or order a DVD at Infowars.com
Members can watch the film now at this direct link: http://www.prisonplanet.tv/members/video/TruthRising.php
If you’re not a PrisonPlanet.tv members, you can sign up here to get Truth Rising and much more. Click here to subscribe.
Or Watch Trailers & Promos for Truth Rising in high-quality here.
Order a DVD copy at Infowars.com
Thank you all for your support, and thank you for spreading the truth.
NEW: TRUTH RISING IN DIVX
For the first time ever Alex Jones is offering his latest film in DivX format, making it easier than ever to burn and share with the world.
What is DivX?
DivX is a form of high quality compression that allows you not only to play movies on your computer, but also your TV using DivX certified DVD players and devices! These items can easily be found at your local shopping center. Here is a list of product links below (Other brands will also work, but Philips is one of the best for DivX).
Philips Upconvert DVD Player with DivX http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.do?product_id=5584897
Philips DVP642 DivX-Certified Progressive-Scan DVD Player http://www.amazon.com/Philips-DVP642-DivX-Certified-Progressive-Scan-Player/dp/B000204SWE
Some of these devices also allow you to simply put the film on a SD card or USB Flash drive.
Philips DCP951/37 Docking Entertainment System http://technabob.com/blog/2008/04/13/philips-dvd-player-ipod-dock/
BURNING TO DISC
So how do you burn this film to disc? Most computers come with software that allows you to burn DATA DISCS. Examples of this software include Nero, Roxio EZ CD Creator, NTI CD & DVD-Maker etc.
1. Simply open the CD/DVD Burning program, then choose DATA DISC, if the file you have downloaded is 700mb or less you can choose DATA CD, however if the file is larger than 700mb choose DATA DVD. Note that not all types of discs are compatible with all types of DivX DVD players.
2. Now open the folder that you saved “The 911 Chronicles Truth Rising” to. Drag the file into your burning program
3. Then choose File Burn.
4. In a few short moments you should have a disc that plays flawlessly in your DivX certified device!
| WATCH ALEX JONES’ ENDGAME ONLINE NOW in its entirety. View more High quality trailers at www.endgamethemovie.com |
Thursday, May 29, 2008
Your Social Security
Just in case some of you young whippersnappers (& some older ones) didn't know this. It's easy to ! check out, if you don't believe it. Be sure and show it to your kids. They need a little history lesson on what's what and it doesn't matter whether you are Democrat of Republican. Facts are Facts!!!
Our Social Security
Franklin Roosevelt, a Democrat, introduced the Social
Security (FICA) Program. He promised:
1.) That participation in the Program would be
Completely voluntary,
2.) That the participants would only have to pay
1% of the first $1,400 of their annual
Incomes into the Program,
3.) That the money the participants elected to put
into the Program would be deductible from
their income for tax purposes each year,
4.) That the money the participants put into the
independent "Trust Fund" rather than into the
general operating fund, and therefore, would
only be used to fund the Social Security
Retirement Program, and no other
Government program, and,
5.) That the annuity payments to the retirees
would never be taxed as income.
Since many of us have paid into FICA for years and are
now receiving a Social Security check every month --
and then finding that we are getting taxed on 85% of
the money we paid to the Federal government to "put
away" -- you may be interested in the following:
-------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party took Social Security from the
independent "Trust Fund" and put it into the
general fund so that Congress could spend it?
A: It was Lyndon Johnson and the democratically
controlled House and Senate.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party eliminated the income tax
d! eduction for Social Security (FICA) withholding?
A: The Democratic Party.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party started taxing Social
Security annuities?
A: The Democratic Party, wit h Al Gore casting the
"tie-breaking" deciding vote as President of the
Senate, while he was Vice President of the US
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party decided to start giving
annuity payments to immigrants?
AND MY FAVORITE:
A: That's right!
Jimmy Carter and the Democratic P! arty.
Immigrants moved into this country, and at age 65,
began to receive Social Security payments! The
Democratic Party gave these payments to them,
even though they never paid a dime into it!
-------------- -------------------------- ------------------------------
Then, after violating the original contract (FICA), the Democrats turn around and tell you that the Republicans want to take your Social Security away!
And the worst part about it is uninformed citizens believe it!
If enough people receive this, maybe a seed of
awareness will be planted and maybe changes will
evolve. Maybe not, some Democrats are awfully
sure of what isn't so.
But it's worth a try. How many people can YOU send this to?
Actions speak louder than bumper stickers.
AND CONGRESS GIVES THEMSELVES 100% RETIREMENT FOR ONLY SERVING ONE TERM!!!
A government big enough to give you everything you want, is strong enough to take everything you have.
-Thomas Jefferson
."The high office of the President has been used to foment a plot to destroy the American's freedom and before I leave office, I must inform the citizens of this plight."
- President John Fitzgerald Kennedy - In a speech made to Columbia University on Nov. 12, 1963, ten days before his assassination! "The drive of the Rockefellers and their allies is to create a one-world government combining supercapitalism and Communism under the same tent, all under their control.... Do I mean conspiracy? Yes I do. I am convinced there is such a plot, international in scope, generations old in planning, and incredibly evil in intent."
- Congressman Larry P. McDonald, 1976, killed in the Korean Airlines 747 that was shot down by the Soviets.
__._,_.___
Our Social Security
Franklin Roosevelt, a Democrat, introduced the Social
Security (FICA) Program. He promised:
1.) That participation in the Program would be
Completely voluntary,
2.) That the participants would only have to pay
1% of the first $1,400 of their annual
Incomes into the Program,
3.) That the money the participants elected to put
into the Program would be deductible from
their income for tax purposes each year,
4.) That the money the participants put into the
independent "Trust Fund" rather than into the
general operating fund, and therefore, would
only be used to fund the Social Security
Retirement Program, and no other
Government program, and,
5.) That the annuity payments to the retirees
would never be taxed as income.
Since many of us have paid into FICA for years and are
now receiving a Social Security check every month --
and then finding that we are getting taxed on 85% of
the money we paid to the Federal government to "put
away" -- you may be interested in the following:
-------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party took Social Security from the
independent "Trust Fund" and put it into the
general fund so that Congress could spend it?
A: It was Lyndon Johnson and the democratically
controlled House and Senate.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party eliminated the income tax
d! eduction for Social Security (FICA) withholding?
A: The Democratic Party.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party started taxing Social
Security annuities?
A: The Democratic Party, wit h Al Gore casting the
"tie-breaking" deciding vote as President of the
Senate, while he was Vice President of the US
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Which Political Party decided to start giving
annuity payments to immigrants?
AND MY FAVORITE:
A: That's right!
Jimmy Carter and the Democratic P! arty.
Immigrants moved into this country, and at age 65,
began to receive Social Security payments! The
Democratic Party gave these payments to them,
even though they never paid a dime into it!
-------------- -------------------------- ------------------------------
Then, after violating the original contract (FICA), the Democrats turn around and tell you that the Republicans want to take your Social Security away!
And the worst part about it is uninformed citizens believe it!
If enough people receive this, maybe a seed of
awareness will be planted and maybe changes will
evolve. Maybe not, some Democrats are awfully
sure of what isn't so.
But it's worth a try. How many people can YOU send this to?
Actions speak louder than bumper stickers.
AND CONGRESS GIVES THEMSELVES 100% RETIREMENT FOR ONLY SERVING ONE TERM!!!
A government big enough to give you everything you want, is strong enough to take everything you have.
-Thomas Jefferson
."The high office of the President has been used to foment a plot to destroy the American's freedom and before I leave office, I must inform the citizens of this plight."
- President John Fitzgerald Kennedy - In a speech made to Columbia University on Nov. 12, 1963, ten days before his assassination! "The drive of the Rockefellers and their allies is to create a one-world government combining supercapitalism and Communism under the same tent, all under their control.... Do I mean conspiracy? Yes I do. I am convinced there is such a plot, international in scope, generations old in planning, and incredibly evil in intent."
- Congressman Larry P. McDonald, 1976, killed in the Korean Airlines 747 that was shot down by the Soviets.
__._,_.___
Friday, May 2, 2008
Equipping for the New World Order Part 2
Liberty Tree Radio
P.O. Box 194
Dexter, Michigan 48130
phone/fax 734-424-9335
"Please make checks or money orders out to Nancy Koernke"
an>Listed below are the Thank You gifts for donation
Intelligence Report with Mark Koernke program tapes (please include date) $10.00
Intelligence Report with Mark Koernke program CD (please include date) $15.00
Intelligence Report with Mark Koernke program one month MP3 CD (please include the month) $15.00 (Paypal donations will get the last month)
The Citizens Rule Book $1.00
Second Amendment and The National Right of self defense by Daniel D Danz $20.00
America in Peril series
America in Peril 1(Mark Koernke) $15.00
America in Peril 2 (Mark Koernke) $15.00
America in Peril 3(Mark Koernke) $15.00
(set of 3/$30)
Equipping for the New World Order 1(Mark Koernke) .$15.00
Equipping for the New World Order 2(Mark Koernke) $15.00
(set of 2/$20)
Coming Soon
"Equipping for the New World Order 3"
First Colonial Marines Conference(Mark Koernke) $20.00
Bakersfield Report (three tapes) $35.00
Visitor From The Past CD $10.00
Visitor from the Past audio cassette $10.00
Visitor from the Past framed print $18.00
Visitor from the past framed print and cassette $25.00
Music Offers:
Waking up in Bondage by Randy Craig (music cassette) $12.00
Waking up in Bondage by Randy Craig CD $15.00
Robert Lloyd: American Freedom CD $15.00
Robert Lloyd: An American Without A Country CD $15.00 Robert Lloyd: "An Enemy of the State" $15.00
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